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Abstract. Aerosol properties were measured during an airborne campaign experiment that took place in July 2006 in West Africa within the framework of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA). The goal of the present study was to determine the main microphysical processes that affect the aerosols during the passage of a mesoscale convective system (MCS) over the region of Niamey in Niger. A significant change in the aerosol profiles measured before and after the passage of the MCS was found in a layer located between 1300 and 3000 m, where the aerosol concentration drastically decreased after the passage of the MCS. Concurrently, a significant increase in the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) fraction was also observed during the post-MCS period in the same layer. Moreover, the results of the elemental composition analyses of individual particles collected in this layer after the MCS passage have shown higher contributions of sulfate, nitrate and chloride to the total aerosol mass. A mesoscale atmospheric model with on-line dust parameterization and Lagrangian backtrajectories was used to interpret the impact of the MCS on the aerosol properties. The results of the simulation show that the MCS 1) generates dust particles at the surface in the gust front of the system and washout of particles during the system precipitation, 2) modifies the aerosol mixing state (intensive aerosol property) through cloud processing, and 3) enhances CCN activity of particles through coating by soluble material.

Although the importance of the aerosol contribution to the global radiative budget has been recognized, the forcings of aerosols in general, and specifically the role of the organic component in these forcings, still contain large uncertainties. In an attempt to better understand the relationship between the background forcings of aerosols and their chemical speciation, marine air samples were collected off the windward coast of Oahu, Hawaii, during the Rough Evaporation Duct project (RED) using filters mounted on both the Twin Otter aircraft and the Floating Instrument Platform (FLIP) research platform. Laboratory analysis revealed a total of 17 species, including 4 carboxylic acids and 2 carbohydrates that accounted for 74% Ϯ 20% of the mass gain observed on the shipboard filters, suggesting a possible significant unresolved organic component. The results were correlated with in situ measurements of particle light scattering ( sp ) at 550 nm and with aerosol hygroscopicities. Principal component analysis revealed a small but ubiquitous pollution component affecting the sp and aerosol hygroscopicity of the remote marine air. The Princeton Organic-Electrolyte Model (POEM) was used to predict the growth factor of the aerosols based upon the chemical composition. This output, coupled with measured aerosol size distributions, was used to attempt to reproduce the observed sp . It was found that while the POEM model was able to reproduce the expected trends when the organic component of the aerosol was varied, due to large uncertainties especially in the aerosol sizing measurements, the sp predicted by the POEM model was consistently higher than observed.

Oxalic acid is the most abundant dicarboxylic acid found in the troposphere, yet there is still no scientific consensus concerning its origins or formation process. Recent studies have suggested mechanisms for its formation in cloud water from gaseous precursors. Comparison of the characteristics of oxalic acid and nss sulfate, a chemical with a known incloud formation pathway, provides some support for an aqueous formation mechanism for oxalic acid. Analysis of the filters collected from the CIRPAS Twin Otter aircraft during CARMA I, a field campaign designed to study the marine stratocumulus off the coast of Monterey, CA, by a five stage Micro-Orifice Impactor (MOI) revealed a peak in the concentration distribution at a diameter of 0.26-0.44 mm, similar to the size distribution found for nss sulfate and corresponding to the droplet mode in the aerosol size distribution. An air-equivalent average of 2.0370.47 mg m À3 (standard error) of sulfate was observed in the collected marine cloud water, in excess to below-cloud concentrations by 1.16 mg m À3 on average. This suggests in-cloud production similar in concentration to previous field campaigns in coastal marine atmospheres. Oxalate was observed in the clouds at air-equivalent concentrations of 0.2170.04 mg m À3 , in excess to below-cloud concentrations by 0.14 mg m À3 and suggesting an in-cloud production as well. The tentative identification in cloud water of one of the intermediate species in the aqueous oxalate production mechanism lends further support to an in-cloud oxalate source. r

[1] Airborne measurements of size-resolved aerosol hygroscopicity are presented using an optical particle counting and sizing technique. The measurement range of 0.25 to 3.5 mm is significantly greater, and extends to larger sizes, than previous in situ techniques. Preliminary results reveal a peak in aerosol hygroscopicity in the 0.5 -1.5 mm diameter size range in both marine and polluted aerosols. Geometric growth factors range from 1.3 to 1.5 and 1.1 to 1.3 for the sub and super-micron particles, respectively.

[1] Measurements of the relative humidity dependence of aerosol light scattering are reported from three experimental venues over the Pacific Ocean. The measurement platform utilized was the CIRPAS Twin Otter aircraft. Results are compared with previous measurements at other locales and with theoretical models. The relatively low values of hygroscopicity obtained in marine air are consistent with a substantial organic component to the aerosol.

Abstract. Aerosol properties were measured during an airborne campaign experiment that took place in July 2006 in West Africa within the framework of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (AMMA). The goal of the present study was to determine the main microphysical processes that affect the aerosols during the passage of a mesoscale convective system (MCS) over the region of Niamey in Niger. A main difference in the aerosol profiles measured before and after the passage of the MCS was found for a layer located between 1300 and 3000 m where the aerosol concentration has drastically decreased after the passage of the MCS. Concurrently, a significant increase of the cloud condensation nuclei fraction was also observed during the post-MCS period in the same layer. Moreover, the results of the elemental composition analyses of individual particles collected in this layer after the MCS passage have shown higher contributions of sulfate, nitrate and chloride to the total aerosol. A mesoscale atmospheric model with on-line dust parameterization and Lagrangian backtrajectories was used to interpret the impact of the MCS on the aerosol properties. The results of the simulation show that the MCS 1) generates dust particles at the surface in front of the system and washout particles behind, 2) modifies the aerosol mixing state through cloud processing, and 3) enhances CCN activity of particles through the coating of soluble material.

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