Brazil is one of the world leaders in the agribusiness sector tending to directly influence a growing dependence on imported inputs, specifically synthetic agrochemicals. At the state level, in 2013, Tocantins stood out in first place in the ranking of agrochemical consumers, however, these products can cause several problems, such as poisoning to humans, environmental contamination, and increased resistance to phytopathogens. Biological control is an alternative to the use of agrochemicals towards eliminating pests naturally by using living organisms called Biological Control Agents (BCA). Currently, fungi of the Trichoderma genus are some of the most used organisms in biological pest control for their relevant characteristics that favor them in terms of survival in the environment, such as high capacity to adapt to ecological conditions, potential to colonize the rhizosphere of plants, mycoparasitism, production of volatile and non-volatile metabolites. In addition, it works on plant growth and productivity. In general, the use of Trichoderma favors the control of soil pathogens, such as Rhizoctonia, Pythium, Sclerotinia, and nematodes. Thus, this review aims to demonstrate the importance of using Trichoderma in biological control, as well as to present an overview and perspectives of research developed by respondents in the Brazilian Midwest region and Tocantins state.
O fitopatógeno Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, causador da doença conhecida como mofo-branco acomete diversas culturas agrícolas em todo o mundo, seu alto grau de patogenicidade está associado à formação de escleródios que atuam como mecanismo de resistência e sobrevivência. Considerando a necessidade de métodos que contribuam no desenvolvimento agrícola sem promover danos ao ambiente e a população, os agentes de controle biológico são hoje vistos como um excelente artifício. Fungos do gênero Trichoderma são considerados agentes de biocontrole sagazes por apresentarem inúmeros mecanismos com alto potencial antagônico que prejudicam a germinação de esporos, o crescimento das hifas e o desenvolvimento de escleródios e clamidósporo de diversos fitopatógenos. Buscando avaliar a eficiência de isolados de Trichoderma spp. provenientes de áreas do Cerrado do Tocantins no biocontrole do fitopatógeno S. sclerotiorum foram realizados testes de pareamento, enzimáticos e de produção de metabólitos secundários. Através dos resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que o isolado Trichoderma spp. 2, oriundo de áreas do Cerrado tocantinense, possui potencial para ser considerado como um biocontrolador ao fitopatógeno S. Sclerotiorum, sendo seu antagonismo mais evidente por meio da produção dos metabólitos secundários voláteis.
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