We suggest a technique to amplify a train of attosecond pulses, produced by high-harmonic generation (HHG) of an infrared (IR) laser field, in an active medium of a plasma-based X-ray laser. This technique is based on modulation of transition frequency of the X-ray laser by the same IR field, as used to generate the harmonics, via linear Stark effect, which results in redistribution of the resonant gain and simultaneous amplification of a wide set of harmonics in the incident field. We propose an experimental implementation of the suggested technique in active medium of C 5+ ions at wavelength 3.4 nm in the "water window" range and show the possibility to amplify by two orders of magnitude a train of attosecond pulses with pulse duration down to 100 as. We show also a possibility to isolate a single attosecond pulse from the incident attosecond pulse train during its amplification in optically deep modulated medium.
Abstract:In this supplemental material we derive an analytical solution describing an amplification of the highharmonic field in an active medium of a plasma-based X-ray laser in the linear regime within the three-level medium model and constant population inversion approximation. We provide also more detailed numerical study of an amplification process in both linear and nonlinear regimes taking into account a saturation effect within the fivelevel medium model.
We discuss a method for controlling the spectral and temporal characteristics of x-ray radiation produced by a radioactive or synchrotron Mӧssbauer source via its propagation through an optically thick sample of resonant nuclei with a modulated transition frequency. Such modulation is achieved via a Doppler frequency shift due to vibration of the recoilless absorber. We show that this technique can be used both for effective elimination of the resonant absorption (acoustically induced transparency) and temporal shaping of an individual photon, including the production of short pulses. A similar technique can be used for formation and amplification of attosecond pulses in the active medium of a plasma-based x-ray laser, where the resonant transition frequency of ions is modulated by a sufficiently strong infrared field.
Synopsis
We suggest a technique to amplify a train of attosecond pulses, produced via high-harmonic generation of an infrared laser field, in active medium of a plasma-based X-ray laser driven by a replica of the same IR field as used to produce high harmonics forming a train of attosecond pulses.
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