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Measurements of the threshold intensity for breakdown over the wavelength range 720-840 nm have been made at atmospheric pressure in several gases, by means of a high output power laser pumped, tunable dye laser. Although it may be expected that the resonant phenomena observed in earlier experiments would be more pronounced at lower pressures, the authors have found that over the entire wavelength range studied, the results showed the direct dependence on both wavelength and pulse duration predicted by cascade theory.

Brainstorming is the default method of idea-generation in organisations, and is widely applied in higher education by students, academics and support staff. Its popularity is mainly attributable to an illusory belief that groups working together are more productive than individuals working apart. Shared responsibility, the need for collaboration and the social dimension to work also sustains the popularity of brainstorming. To add further insight to the numerous studies that have been demonstrated the inefficiencies of brainstorming, this paper describes preliminary results on participants' self-reflection during a brainstorm. Recommendations are made for improving the productivity of group brainstorms.

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We report, for the first time to our knowledge, achievement of all-fiber distributed Gires-Tournois etalons (DGTEs) based on fiber Bragg gratings. DGTEs with both separated structure and overlapped structure were investigated. Such grating-based DGTEs show periodic spectral characteristics that are similar to those of conventional Gires-Tournois etalons; however, they also have some particular characteristics that are due to the dispersive nature of the gratings.

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