BACKGROUND Trauma is the most common cause of maxillofacial injury. Maxillofacial injuries can cause long-term functional, aesthetic, and psychological complication. Road traffic accidents (RTA) are the major causes in developing countries like India. Restraint devices significantly reduce the risk and severity of injury, and the number of deaths resulting from crashes. RTA is often related to the use of alcohol and has a strong association with facial injuries. The present study evaluated the demographic pattern, aetiology, management of maxillofacial injuries, its association of alcohol abuse and the effect of restraint/protective devices influencing their distribution. METHODS A four-year retrospective study was done between January 2014 to December 2017 on patients with maxillofacial injuries attending dental OPD and emergency department. A total of 225 patients with maxillofacial injury/trauma were analysed. Age ranged between 5-75 years. Patient with head injury, polytrauma and pregnant females were excluded from the study. Patients were evaluated by age, gender, mode of injury, aetiology, history of alcohol intake, maxillofacial injury sites, use of protective device at the time of injury and treatment rendered. Data was expressed in percentages. RESULTS A total of 225 patients accounting for 288 maxillofacial fractures were included and analysed. The male:female ratio was 3:1. Commonly affected age group was 21-30 year (49.3%). Road traffic accidents accounted for 49.01 %. Two wheelers were the most commonly involved vehicle. Mandible was the most commonly fractured site. Patients under the influence of alcohol contributed to more number of maxillofacial injuries. Also, non-use of restraining device increased the incidence of facial injury. CONCLUSIONS RTA with two wheelers is the most common aetiology of maxillofacial injuries, involving young adult (21-40 years) male patients. Mandible is most commonly fractured. Not using safety measures (helmets and seat belts) and also influence of alcohol are the major factors responsible for the injuries.

Background: Even after full dedication of doctors and staff, hospital services to patients care, there was a difference of opinion at the end treatment. To understand the fulfillment of patient and improving health care status, a correction had to be made to attain the at most satisfaction. Present study is designed to extract this work by qualities of medical care feedback in orthopedic inpatient department of Akash institute of medical sciences, Bangalore. Methods: After identification of key indicators by reviewing literature a pro-forma of questionnaires was prepared and feedback taken in to 9 domains from orthopedic ward patients at time of discharge. Total of 110 cases were surveyed among which 68 were male and 42 were female patients between 10 to 80 years. Statistical analysis was done, to compare & conclude. Results: In the domain front office staff, 80% were satisfied with Polite, Friendly & helpful behavior of staff, and their explanation about admission procedure, room facility & tariff. In the Nursing domain 66.3% were satisfied with receiving the patient, response and attentiveness to their queries, timely medication and bed care. When it came to house Keeping which includes, everyday cleaning of rooms and toilet, Polite, Friendly & helpful behavior of the staff, 73.6% were satisfied. Doctor's explanation of disease, treatment skills, Counseling about treatment and Post operative care were satisfactory in 82%. When it came to physiotherapy services, only 65% were satisfied. 84.5% were satisfied with cost of treatment and pharmacy services. 47% showed satisfaction regarding dietary services. Billing services was acceptable in 88 out of 110 patients.81.8% were satisfied with overall hospital service. Conclusion: Most of the patients treated in our hospital were satisfied with the care in different domains. By fulfilling the deficiencies with respect to domains, a "new model of care" can be achieved they are 1. By recruiting more trained staff and making them learn local language. 2. Arranging transport for the visiting patients from nearest bus stop. 3. Upgradation of pharmacy for availability of all medicines. 4. Maintaining hygiene and cleanliness.

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