Mucormycosis is a fungal infection, commonly affecting the paranasal sinuses. An aggressive invasive form of infection is common in people with uncontrolled diabetes and in immunocompromised people. Mucormycosis affecting temporal bone is a rare entity, most of the reported cases are of invasive disease in diabetic people. We report a case of mucormycosis of middle ear cavity which was found incidentally in a healthy nondiabetic woman while performing revision tympanoplasty for chronic suppurative otitis media.
Background and objective: Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) increases the nasal volume, and thereby it can alter the nasal resonance. The objectives were to measure the percentage of nasal resonance following FESS and compare it with healthy individuals with normal nasal findings. Methods:The nasometric analysis of voice was done using n/p/m consonant sounds in 72 individuals with healthy post FESS cavities (group 1) and 72 healthy individuals with normal nasal findings without any nasal pathology (group 2). The scores of nasal resonances were expressed in percentages and were compared between the two groups. Both in group 1 and group 2, 32 (44.4%) were females, and 40(55.6%) were males. In group 1, 51 participants had bilateral FESS cavities, and 21 had unilateral FESS cavities. Kannada was the mother tongue in 30 (41.7%) participants in group 1 and 36 (50.0%) in group 2. Malayalam was the mother tongue in 42(58.3%) participants in group 1 and 36 (50.0%) in group 2.Results: In both cases and control groups, more than 80% of the participants were showing less than 20% of nasal resonance. In group 1, the mean values of/n/p/m sounds were 11.23%, 10.23% and 11.42% respectively, and in group 2 the mean values were 8.27%, 8.58% and 8.58% respectively. But the P value was not statistically significant. Individuals with unilateral FESS cavities had more nasal resonance values compared to bilateral FESS cavities. Similarly, Kannada speaking people had more values compared to Malayam speaking individua. Conclusion:Changes in nasal resonance after FESS is minimal, and it is unnoticed.But it may affect the speech quality in professional voice users, depending on their language. Though the nasometer is considered as the most validated instrument to record nasal resonance, we feel that further standardization is needed to evaluate the nasalance.
<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a spectrum which includes primary snoring, upper airway resistance syndrome, obstructive hypoventilation and obstructive sleep apnoea. Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is characterized by snoring, witnessed apnoea, frequent arousal, mouth breathing, restless sleep, irritability, recurrent upper respiratory tract infections etc. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">This was a prospective observational study which included 20 children who presented to the otorhinolaryngology, pulmonary medicine, paediatric, oral and maxillofacial department were included in the study with clinical symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 20 children, 13 (65%) males and 7 (35%) females were included. Snoring was the most common complaint.15 (75%) were obese, 5 had adenotonsillar hypertrophy(25%) as the risk factor for OSA. 15 out of the 20 children were graded under mallampati class 1(75%), 4 class 2(20%), 1under class 3(5%). There was no significant association in severity of OSA between 2 genders (p=0.82). <span lang="EN-IN">Positive correlation (r=0.52) was found between AHI and BMI and is found to be statistically significant (p=0.02), which suggests that degree of obesity does predict the severity of OSA. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Obesity is the most significant risk factor among them followed by adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Hence children who snore should undergo polysomnography and necessary corrective measures should be prescribed.</span></p>
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