In this work, biodiesel obtained from the transesterfication of Jatropha seeds and Fish wastes is used as an alternative fuel to diesel in stationary single cylinder diesel engines. The biodiesel obtained has good ignition ability due to its relatively high cetane number compared to that of conventional diesel fuel. The performance, combustion and emission tests using Jatropha Oil Methyl Ester (JOME), Fish Oil Methyl Ester (FOME) and their blends (20% JOME and 20% FOME) with diesel were carried out at constant speed and variable loads condition. The results showed that both blends could be used as fuels for diesel engine without any major modification on the engine. Carbon monoxide (CO), UBHC and smoke emissions were observed to be lesser at all loads for both the blends compared to diesel fuel, while NOx emission was slightly higher. JOME blend was found to be better than FOME blend.
To meet the strict emissions regulations, it is required to test and identify highly active and durable catalysts. This paper analyzes the potential of catalytic system in a diesel engine using aluminium-phosphate supported copper phosphate catalytic converter to control nitrous oxide and particulate matter. The particulate matter is reduced by Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter (CDPF) and Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOC) systems. The soluble organic fractions of diesel particulate are oxidized by DOC system of the newly developed catalyst coated wire meshes, and the un-soluble fractions of particulate matter are filtered by the same wire mesh filter materials. The experimental results from this investigation demonstrate that 40.58% of NOx reduction is achievable, which clearly shows the possibilities of replacing the noble metal catalysts
The population of spark-ignition vehicles in urban areas is very high and is increasing rapidly due to their convenience for short distance transportation. These vehicles are major sources of urban air pollution compared to vehicles with diesel engines. Catalytic converters are used to control their emissions but they attain their maximum conversion rates of about 80%-90% under optimum operating conditions and are not effective during cold start conditions. The objective of the present work is to demonstrate that an electrically heated catalyst (EHC) in combination with a traditional converter can achieve the Low and Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (LEV, ULEV) standards. Experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of various metal oxides in EHC and design parameters to reduce cold-start emissions of a multi-cylinder SI engine. It is observed that EHC reduces cold-start hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions when used with an existing catalytic converter. The maximum CO and HC reductions were achieved with copper oxide as the catalyst in EHC with air injection of 80 lpm for 40 sec after cold start of the engine.
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