This work investigates three laboratory-scale vertical flow-constructed wetlands (VFCWs) for treating a secondary effluent of wastewater under arid conditions to investigate the efficiency of two plants Canna indica and Typha latifolia in mono and mixed culture. The VFCWs were operated under hydraulic load (0.057 m3/m2d) and 5 days retention time. The results indicated no significant differences (P > 0.05) between the mono and mixed cultures. The C. indica gives the best efficiency of pollutant removal as COD (71.34%), NO2− (69.34%), and PO43− (69.67%). The uptake of TSS (83.98%) was best in the case of mixed culture. The mean percentages of BOD5 were convergent for mono and mixed culture, and it exceeds 89.80% in mixed culture. The mean percentages in NH4+ (98.69%) in mixed culture, elimination of NO2−, and the increase in the concentration of NO3− in the treated effluent showed the presence of nitrification in the VFCWs units. The two plant species exhibit high efficiency in the elimination of pollution compared to the unplanted control, with a slight superiority in the mixed culture. Therefore, it can be concluded that the application of these plants can be effective in arid conditions.
Ethanolic extracts of Pergularia tomentosa L. were used for the relative analysis of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity against two types of Gram-negative bacteria. (Escherichia coli G (-) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa G (-)) and a gram positive (Staphylococus aureus G (+)). Maximum activity was recorded against Escherichia coli, with a maximum inhibition diameter of 23mm using the disk diffusion method. In addition, the results revealed a higher bacterial activity against Escherichia coli with an inhibition diameter of 23mm compared to standard antibiotics Ampicillin/Nystatin with an inhibition diameter of 11.75mm. The study of the antioxidant activity by the DPPH and FRAP methods showed that vitamin C is the most active with an IC50 equal to 0.010 g/ml, followed by the crude extract, with a value of 0.012 g/ml and finally Tocopherol (VE) which seems to be the least effective with an IC50 of 0.015 g/ml. The results obtained in the present study suggest that Pergularia tomentosa L. can be used in the treatment of diseases caused by the organisms tested. Further chemical and pharmacological investigations can be carried out to isolate and identify the chemical constituents in selected plants responsible for antimicrobial activity.
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