A simple and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of 2-aminothiazoles from α-diazoketones using PEG-400 solvent system. This novel synthetic approach involves the reaction between thiourea and α-diazoketones in PEG-400 at 100 • C to yield the corresponding 2-aminothiazoles in good yields. The method is simple, rapid and generates thiazole derivatives in excellent yields without the use of any catalysts. This green protocol can be utilized for fast synthesis of various 2-aminothiazoles in good yields.
A rapid, simple, selective, precise, and accurate stability indicating HPLC method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous analysis of esomeprazole and itopride in bulk and in capsule form. An isocratic separation was achieved using a Hypersil C4 (250 x 4.6 mm), 5 μm particle size column with a flow rate of 1 mL/min and photodiode array detector at 272 nm. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1M dipotassium hydrogen phosphate: acetonitrile (40:60 v/v). The method was validated for selectivity, specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness. The selectivity of the method was determined by assessing interference from the placebo, components of mobile phase and common excipients in pharmaceutical formulations. Whereas, specificity was established by stress degradation studies. The method was linear over the concentration range 40 -120 μg/mL (R 2 = 0.9999) and 150-450 μg/mL (R 2 = 0.9999) for esomeprazole and itopride, respectively. Limit of detection is 0.207 and 0.724 μg/mL & Limit of quantitation is 0.691 and 2.415 μg/mL for esomeprazole and itopride, respectively. The precision and accuracy of the method was found to be acceptable. The method was found to be robust and suitable for the simultaneous analysis of esomeprazole and itopride in a capsule formulation. Degradation products resulting from the stress studies did not interfere with the detection and quantification of esomeprazole and itopride. The proposed HPLC method is thus stability-indicating.
User Equipments (UEs) are integrated with multiple interfaces to facilitate the usage of various wireless technologies. However, due to the limitations of each technology, expected data rates are not achieved even when the best of available interfaces is chosen for data transfer. Link aggregation is used to aggregate data rates over multiple interfaces for achieving higher data rates. Even though there are multiple link aggregation schemes proposed, they are highly complicated and do not consider dynamics of wireless links. In this paper, we propose a simple and application layer Dynamic Link aggregation Scheme (DLAS) where data can be dynamically transferred through multiple links parallelly or sequentially. We tested the performance of the proposed DLAS schemes in NS-3 simulator and found that DLAS schemes achieve considerable improvement in the data rates in heterogeneous networks comprising of LTE and Wi-Fi technologies. In our experiments for 10 UEs, DLAS achieved 65 % improvement in maximum achievable throughput when compared to an existing application layer link aggregation technique.
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