Fruit length in chilli is quantitatively inherited trait and selection based on phenotypic performance is tedious and time consuming. To detect QTLs determining fruit length in Capsicum spp., an interspecific F2 mapping population was developed from the cross of C. annuum L. cv. ‘FL 201’ with C. galapagoense Hunz. accession ‘TC 07245’. Fruit length in this cross showed a quantitative inheritance with the population depicting a symmetric distribution in histogram. To map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for fruit length 400 SSR markers were surveyed on the parental genotypes but only 28 markers were observed to be polymorphic indicating less genetic diversity between the two Capsicum species. Polymorphic markers were then analyzed in F2 population consisting of 210 plants and 24 of these markers were mapped on to three linkage groups (LGs): LG 1, LG 2 and LG 3. Two fruit length determining QTLs designated as paufl2.1 and paufl2.2 were identified and both the QTLs were mapped on to LG 2. The two QTLs together explained 21.78 per cent of the phenotypic variation. Apart from the two QTLs, positive alleles were detected in the small fruited parent ‘TC 07245’ which might be of potential use in chilli breeding programs.
Chilli is one of the important spices as well as vegetable crops of India and worldwide, which is predominantly grown as a rainfed crop in southern states of India, but now-a-days there is a drastic rise in temperature which affects the availability of water for irrigation. Chlorophyll plays a vital role in photosynthesis. But, they are highly thermosensitive in nature and degradation occurs when subjected to high temperature. So, for this changing environment there is anurgent need breed heat tolerant varieties. Chlorophyll stability index (CSI) is a function of temperature and is inversely related to the degree of stress conditions imposed on the plants. So the stability of chlorophyll pigments can be correlated with drought tolerance. So, CSI can be a rapid screening method of chilli genotypes for drought tolerance or susceptibility. We observed that, among genotypes used in the study M106 showed higher mean CSI value of 88.41 per cent followed by F02 (86.56%) and M08 showed least CSI value of 42.47 per cent. We can deduce that,M 106 can be used infuture breeding programmes for evolving drought tolerant chilli varieties, so that we can bring more acreage under chilli cultivation under rain fed cultivation in India.
Colletotrichum species is considered as amajor fungal pathogen that can cause economic damage in commercial chilli production because of its ability to infect fruits both at pre- and post-harvest stages. Results obtained from the Fourier transform near-infrared spectrophotometer in chilli genotypes indicated that, there is a significant difference among the chilli genotypes for both quantitative and qualitative traits. Furthermore, capsaicin and oleoresin contents have a significant linear relationship with resistance to anthracnose at red fruit stage. Incidentally, chilli genotypes that are moderately resistant to anthracnose were significantly superior in capsaicin and oleoresin contents and fruit yield. Hence, capsaicin and oleoresin content can be used as an indirect method to predict anthracnose resistance in chilli breeding.
Anthracnose caused by complex of Colletotrichum species is an economically important disease of chilli. The study involved 132 genotypes grown under field conditions. Among the genotypes evaluated, fifteen genotypes were moderately resistant to anthracnose with fairly high yield. In the order of merit, the genotypes were CA 177 (10.74%), Paramakudi 1 (16.64%), F 507 (17.17%), Bird’s eye chilli (17.85%), Kadaladi 1 (19.70%), Ramnad local (20.64%), CO 1 (20.82%), TA/CA/ 10 (21.56%), CA 166 (21.94%), CA 188 (22.29%), Paramakudi 2 (22.45%), CA 13/6 (23.42%), Chilli CO hybrid 1 (24.36%), IC 342465 (24.68%) and CA 165 (25.70%). whereas, 40 genotypes were susceptible with PDI ranging from 26.30 to 50.69 per cent and majority of the genotypes (77nos) were found to be highly susceptible to anthracnose with per cent disease index ranging from 51.81 to 96.42 per cent. The moderately resistant genotypes identified in the present investigation will serve as donors or source of resistance for anthracnose.
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