We report the low temperature magnetic properties of the DyScO3 perovskite, which were characterized by means of single crystal and powder neutron scattering, and by magnetization measurements. Below TN = 3.15 K, Dy 3+ moments form an antiferromagnetic structure with an easy axis of magnetization lying in the ab-plane. The magnetic moments are inclined at an angle of ∼ ±28 • to the b-axis. We show that the ground state Kramers doublet of Dy 3+ is made up of primarily |±15/2 eigenvectors and well separated by crystal field from the first excited state at E1 = 24.9 meV. This leads to an extreme Ising single-ion anisotropy, M ⊥ /M ∼ 0.05. The transverse magnetic fluctuations, which are proportional to M 2 ⊥ /M 2 , are suppressed and only moment fluctuations along the local Ising direction are allowed. We also found that the Dy-Dy dipolar interactions along the crystallographic c-axis are 2-4 times larger than in-plane interactions.

In this paper we present a comprehensive study of magnetic dynamics in the rare-earth orthoferrite YbFeO 3 at temperatures below and above the spin-reorientation (SR) transition T SR = 7.6 K, in magnetic fields applied along the a, b and c axes. Using single-crystal inelastic neutron scattering, we observed that the spectrum of magnetic excitations consists of two collective modes well separated in energy: 3D gapped magnons with a bandwidth of ∼60 meV, associated with the antiferromagnetically (AFM) ordered Fe subsystem, and quasi-1D AFM fluctuations of ∼1 meV within the Yb subsystem, with no hybridization of those modes. The spin dynamics of the Fe subsystem changes very little through the SR transition and could be well described in the frame of semiclassical linear spin-wave theory. On the other hand, the rotation of the net moment of the Fe subsystem at T SR drastically changes the excitation spectrum of the Yb subsystem, inducing the transition between two regimes with magnon and spinon-like fluctuations. At T < T SR , the Yb spin chains have a well defined field-induced ferromagnetic (FM) ground state, and the spectrum consists of a sharp single-magnon mode, a two-magnon bound state, and a two-magnon continuum, whereas at T > T SR only a gapped broad spinon-like continuum dominates the spectrum. In this work we show that a weak quasi-1D coupling within the Yb subsystem J Yb-Yb , mainly neglected in previous studies, creates unusual quantum spin dynamics on the low energy scales. The results of our work may stimulate further experimental search for similar compounds with several magnetic subsystems and energy scales, where low-energy fluctuations and underlying physics could be "hidden" by a dominating interaction. entropy evolution [9], laser-pulse induced ultrafast spinreorientation [10-12] etc. Magnetic property investigations of the rare-earth orthoferrites RFeO 3 have shown that the Fe 3+ moments (S = 5 2 ) are ordered in a canted AFM structure Γ 4 at high temperature with T N ≈ 600 K (details of the notations are given in [13]), and the spin canting gives a weak net ferromagnetic moment along the c axis [ Fig. 1(c)] [13][14][15]. Furthermore, symmetry analysis and careful neutron diffraction measurements have found a second "hidden" canting along the b-axis, which is symmetric relative to the ac-plane and does not create a net moment [16,17]. With decreasing temperature, a spontaneous spin-reorientation (SR) transition from Γ 4 to the Γ 2 magnetic configuration occurs in many orthoferrites with magnetic R-ions [13,14] in a wide temperature range from T SR ≈ 450 K for SmFeO 3 down to T SR ≈ 7.6 K for YbFeO 3 , and the net magnetic moment rotates from the a to the c axis [see Fig. 1(c-e)]. Most of previous work that was devoted to the investigation of the SR transition in RFeO 3 , associated this phenomenon with the R-Fe exchange interaction, because orthoferrites with nonmagnetic R =La, Y or Lu preserve the Γ 4 magnetic structure down to the lowest temperatures.Taking into account three characteristic t...

We report the results of comparative analysis of magnetic properties of the systems based on ε-Fe2O3, nanoparticles with different average sizes (from ∼3 to 9 nm) and dispersions. The experimental data for nanoparticles higher than 6–8 nm in size are consistent with the available data, specifically, the transition to the magnetically ordered state occurs at a temperature of ∼500 K and the anomalies of magnetic properties observed in the range of 80–150 K correspond to the magnetic transition. At the same time, Mőssbauer and ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy data as well as the results of static magnetic measurements show that at room temperature all the investigated samples contain ε-Fe2O3 particles that exhibit the superparamagnetic behavior. It was established that the magnetic properties of nanoparticles significantly change with a decrease in their size to ∼6 nm. According to high-resolution electron microscopy and Mőssbauer spectroscopy data, the particle structure can be attributed to the ε–modification of trivalent iron oxide; meanwhile, the temperature of the magnetic order onset in these particles is increased, the well-known magnetic transition in the range of 80–150 K does not occur, the crystallographic magnetic anisotropy constant is significantly reduced, and the surface magnetic anisotropy plays a decisive role. This is apparently due to redistribution of cations over crystallographic positions with decreasing particle size, which was established using Mössbauer spectra. As the particle size is decreased and the fraction of surface atoms is increased, the contribution of an additional magnetic subsystem formed in a shell of particles smaller than ∼4 nm becomes significant, which manifests itself in the static magnetic measurements as paramagnetic contribution.

Inhomogeneous distribution of the pinning force in superconductor results in a magnetization asymmetry. A model considering the field distribution in superconductor was developed and symmetric and asymmetric magnetization loops of porous and textured Bi 1.8 Pb 0.3 Sr 1.9 Ca 2 Cu 3 O x were fitted. It is found that the thermal equilibrium magnetization realizes in crystals smaller than some size depending on temperature and magnetic field.

Vortex migration caused by travelling magnetic wave in a 2in. diameter YBa2Cu3O7−δ thin film

We investigate the magnetic dynamics of the orthorhombic perovskite TmFeO 3 at low temperatures, below the spin reorientation transition at T SR ≈ 80 K, by means of time-of-flight neutron spectroscopy. We find that the magnetic excitation spectrum combines two emergent collective modes associated with different magnetic sublattices. The Fe subsystem orders below T N ∼ 632 K into a canted antiferromagnetic structure and exhibits sharp, high-energy magnon excitations. We describe them using linear spin-wave theory, and reveal a pronounced anisotropy between in-and out-of-plane exchange interactions, which was mainly neglected in previous reports on the spin dynamics in orthoferrites. At lower energies, we find two crystalline electrical field (CEF) excitations of Tm 3+ ions at energies of ∼2 and 5 meV. In contrast to the sister compound YbFeO 3 , where the Yb 3+ ions form quasi-one-dimensional chains along the c axis, the Tm excitations show dispersion along both directions in the (0KL) scattering plane. Analysis of the neutron scattering polarization factor reveals a longitudinal polarization of the 2 meV excitation. To evaluate the effect of the CEF on the Tm 3+ ions, we perform point-charge model calculations, and their results quantitatively capture the main features of Tm single-ion physics, such as energies, intensities, and polarization of the CEF transitions, and the type of magnetic anisotropy.

The magnetic properties of ε-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with an average size of 3.4 nm in a silica gel matrix are investigated using Mössbauer technique, electron spin resonance, and magnetic measurements. Two magnetic subsystems reveal in magnetic measurements. Paramagnetic subsystem is formed by the Fe(III) ions in the smallest (&lt;3.5 nm) particles' shell, while ferrimagnetic ordering in the “core” of the particles results in superparamagnetic behavior. The superparamagnetic behavior of the investigated samples is observed up to ∼800 K. The magnetic moment of the particles is formed by both the ferrimagnetic ordering characteristic of ε-Fe2O3 and the additional effect of uncompensated sublattices (planes).

The intragrain pinning in high-Tc superconductor compounds Y1−xRExBa2Cu3O7−δ with low concentration of RE (La, Ce, Pr) was investigated. Magnetic and transport measurements reveal that the pinning is maximal for the concentration of heterovalent RE such that the average distance between the impurity ions in the plane of rare-earth elements is close to the diameter of Abrikosov vortices in YBCO.