The overwhelming mode of failure of the quadriceps mechanism was by tibial tuberosity fracture, thus this was the weakest part of the construct. Reducing the tibial tuberosity width and rotation of the tibial plateau segment below the patella tendon insertion decreased the force required for tibial tuberosity fracture. These results support the idea of a safe point with the tibial plateau segment providing buttress to the tibial tuberosity.

SummaryIn glasshouse pot experiments in the United Kingdom, the host preference of nine seed samples of Alectra vogelii from Eastern, Western and Southern Africa and of two samples of A. picta from Cameroon and Ethiopia, to cultivars of cowpea, groundnut, bambara and mung bean, was assessed. A susceptible cowpea cultivar, Blackeye, and four cultivars of groundnut were attacked by all samples of both parasitic species regardless of whether the host of origin was cowpea, groundnut or bambara.Five “strains” of A. vogelii were distinguished using two criteria: their ability to parasitise bambara and/or mung bean and their ability to parasitise cowpea B301 and bambara TVU 870. The latter proved in an associated experiment to be resistant to collections of the parasite from some locations. Strain 1, including populations from Mali, Nigeria and Cameroon, attacked all groundnuts, cowpea cultivar Blackeye, but not cowpea line B301, mung bean or bambara. Strain 2, from Botswana, differed in attacking B301 and mung bean. Three other strains were identified which attacked susceptible lines of all four legume species. Strain 3 from Kenya failed to attack either cowpea B301 or bambara TVU 870, strain 4 from Malawi attacked cowpea B301, but not bambara TVU 870, while strain 5 from Northern Transvaal, South Africa, attacked bambara TVU 870, but not cowpea B301. Cowpea B359 was resistant to A. vogelii samples from all locations and also to A. picta, which has a similar host preference to strain 1 populations of A. vogelii from West Africa. Two out of 13 groundnut lines tested showed low susceptibility to A. vogelii from Cameroon suggesting there is scope for selecting resistance in this crop also.

Open orchidectomy is associated with a higher overall complication rate in the first 10 days after surgery than closed orchidectomy. Open orchidectomy is also associated with increased scrotal complications including swelling, bruising and pain compared with closed orchidectomy.

This case report details a caudal unilateral traumatic elbow luxation in a 4-year-old male neutered Labrador following a road traffic trauma. This is a highly unusual injury in the dog. The pathogenesis and successful treatment by closed reduction followed by stabilisation with a temporary transarticular external skeletal fixator are discussed. The dog was assessed at 4 weeks and 6 months after surgery. Findings at 6 months after treatment demonstrated a normal gait with no pain or crepitation. A mild amount of soft tissue thickening around the elbow was noted. The range of motion of the elbow was limited to 45 degrees of flexion and 150 degrees of extension. This is the first case of a traumatic caudal luxation of the elbow in a dog described in the English veterinary literature and the first report of successful management of an elbow luxation in a dog by closed reduction and temporary transarticular fixation.

University of Bristol -Explore Bristol Research General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/about/ebr-terms Evaluation of the effect of monocortical and bicortical screw numbers on the properties 1 of a locking plate/intramedullary rod configuration: an in vitro study on a canine 2 femoral fracture gap model 3 4 5