The article outlines the main approaches to studying the bottom topography of Lake Baikal and interpretation of bathymetric data. Measurement equipment and experimental data processing algorithms are described. A measuring complex is based on using the Kongsberg EM710S multibeam echosounder which allows one to take a detailed digital elevation model of the bottom. The paper demonstrates experimental results obtained during a series of expeditions to the Baikal in 2015 – 2019. Currently an area of about 12117 km2 (∼38%) of Lake Baikal bottom has been explored. Examples of a digital model of the Baikal bottom are also presented. The paper demonstrates 3D models of detected water columns showing intense of a gas bubbles emanation near the mouth of Selenga river, acoustic images of the Baikal Gigaton Volume Detector (Baikal-GVD), and a bathymetric map of Academician Ridge that was previously examined with the Mir 1 and Mir 2 in July 2009.
This paper studies the formation of the sediment cover in Lake Gusinoye. For this purpose, we used high-resolution seismic data. Depression of Lake Gusinoye has a tectonic origin; however, there is no evidence of recent tectonic activity. Sediment thickness in Lake Gusinoye is less than 9 m, and its history is short (<35-45 ka). In addition, seismic stratigraphy records contain three contrasting episodes when the lake level dramatically decreased. It is very likely that there were also other shorter episodes of low-level stands. Thus, seismic structures of lakes Gusinoye and Kotokel have a strong resemblance, and it is most likely that their history began at the same time, ca. 40 ka BP.
In this study, we carried out to correlate of high-resolution reflection seismic patterns of sediment covers Lakes Gusinoye and Shuchye located near the eastern coast of Lake Baikal. For this purpose, we used high-resolution seismic data and sediment cores up to 2.7 m. Seismic stratigraphy records contain three contrasting episodes when the lake levels dramatically decreased. In result, there are probably hiatuses in the paleorecords from these lakes due to erosion of sediment cover at the lowest lake levels at the Late Pleistocene and Holocene.The core sediment record was based on distribution of biogenic silica, quarts, feldspar and total organic carbon obtained by FTIR method. The maximal age of the cores was 23.2 cal. ka BP. Significant climate changes in Baikal region happened ca. 22, 17.5 and 1.5 ka BP.
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