The article presents the foreign and national experience of providing emergency psychological assistance. The analysis of modern publications made it possible to determine the specifics of psychotraumatic situations, as well as the psychological states of victims requiring emergency psychological intervention, to formulate the principles of providing this assistance. The practice of organizing the work of specialists of emergency psychological and social services with victims, survivors of domestic violence, victims of terrorist attack and other emergencies, medical workers and volunteers providing various assistance in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia and abroad is highlighted. The article considers the system of organization of psychological assistance by specialists of psychological service in the Russian Federation. The problem of assessment of the effectiveness of psychological assistance is actualized by the example of the methodology of monitoring and assessment of actions in the area of mental health and psychosocial support in emergency situations.
Scientific interest in providing emergency psychological assistance in crisis situations is based on a practical request, since a crisis incident poses a threat to life and health. The paper presents an analysis of the provision of emergency psychological assistance in the education system. The sample consisted of 3 groups of respondents (12048 individuals) from 75 subjects of the Russian Federation. Specially designed questionnaires were used to obtain information on certain indicators from different sources. The study assessed the state of the infrastructure, collected information on staffing, identified conditions that have a negative impact on the quality and availability of psychological first aid.. According to the results of the study, quality criteria were identified and the directions and measures necessary for the provision of emergency psychological assistance were determined. It is concluded that the effectiveness of psychological assistance in crisis situations depends on the availability of qualified specialists and educational work with teachers and parents to develop skills for early detection of a crisis situation.
This paper presents the results of a pedagogical study of the manifestations of resilience in adolescents at risk, and also describes the procedure for diagnosing the components of the phenomenon under study: an adequate assessment of the risk situation, moral stability, and resistance to the negative impact of social risk factors using situational analysis. The purpose of the article is to study the manifestations of resilience in adolescents at risk, as well as to identify the correlation between the results obtained and the results of external valid methods. Methodology and research methods. The study is based on the author’s methodology for studying the manifestations of resilience in adolescents at the cognitive (adequate assessment of the risk situation), emotional (moral stability), activity (resistance to the negative influence of social risk factors) levels. To identify the correlation dependence of the results of the methodology for studying the manifestations of resilience in adolescents using data from external valid methods, the study used such well-known diagnostic tools as «Value Orientations» (M. Rokeach), «Studying the manifestations of spiritual and moral character traits of children» (N. F. Yakovleva), a questionnaire of socio-psychological adaptation (R. Diamond, K. Rogers, adapted by T.V. Snegireva). Research results, discussion. Pedagogical study of manifestations of resilience in adolescents at risk was carried out in the course of peer review and self-assessment using situational analysis. The content of the cases reflected the threats of family, school social risk factors, media factors, including the Internet and social networks. In conclusion, the conclusion is drawn that the participants in the experimental group have a predominantly low level of hardiness, which does not allow them to carry out an adequate assessment of the risk situation, maintain moral stability in a risky situation, and show resistance to the negative impact of social risk factors. The correlation of the obtained results of studying the manifestations of resilience in adolescents at risk and phenomena, to one degree or another associated with resilience, made it possible to identify their correlation.
The article analyzes foreign and domestic experience in providing emergency psychological assistance to victims. The review of models of emergency psychological assistance in the practice of the USA, Korea, France is presented. In domestic practice, the model of providing emergency psychological assistance to the anti-crisis unit of the city of Ryazan is disclosed in more detail. The actual structural components are determined, the presence of which must be provided for in the model of providing emergency psychological assistance to subjects of educational relations. A three-level approach to building an integral integrated system for providing emergency psychological assistance to participants in educational relations is presented, including the federal, regional and local levels of the model. The development of new models for the provision of emergency psychological assistance within the framework of a three-level approach has established the need for organizational and procedural aspects of interdepartmental interaction in the provision of emergency psychological assistance on key issues of modern childhood.
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