subject of cosmic-ray electron production other than by the meson-decay mechanism is investigated. Constraints which are placed on both secondary and primary low-energy electron sources are considered.(1) Calculations are made of the expected flux of low-energy knock-on and beta-decay electrons which are secondary to cosmic-ray interactions. Interstellar losses due to ionization, leakage from the galaxy, synchrotron, and inverse Compton effects are incorporated, as well as plasma excitation, redshift losses and synchrotron and inverse Compton effects in the intergalactic medium.(2) Energy inputs to the injected secondary electrons by a possible galactic Fermi acceleration and by a possible solar electric field of low magnitude are investigated. It is shown that one such input is necessary if the observed low-energy interplanetary electron intensity is to be fitted to these secondary production mechanisms.(3) The effect of a solar modulation on the observed spectrum is accounted for and the resulting velocity spectrum of galactic electrons in the gamma region of 7 to 25 is shown to closely approximate that of the cosmic-ray protons. This result of the near equality of the two spectra, in addition to the demonstrated constraints on the secondary hypothesis, suggests that the electrons may be of primary origin. Comparison is made with measurements of the spectrum and charge ratio of electrons at higher energies and constraints on a possible primary production mechanism are discussed. suitable objects for this optical phenomenon, which lasts for a few million years. The optical axis scanning the nuclei crosses, in a few year's intervals, bright stars which, due to the extremely high amplification for such small objects, will simulate light flashes of a few weeks duration. In the following the integral number of such "Seyert galaxy quasars" simulating an absolute magnitude less than -23 are listed for a limiting redshift oîz-l and z~S f for two steady-state and one evolutionary universe, assuming that the absolute magnitude of the QSS or QSG's was computed from the observed apparent magnitude with corrections as required for the cosmological model in question. In parentheses are given the numbers to be expected if corrections for the evolutionary universe alone were applied.
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