A study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of black point and percentages of germination, moisture content and different fungi associated with wheat seeds during storage in different types of container. Seeds of a widely cultivated variety Kanchan were stored in five types of containers viz., 'dole'(bamboo made), earthen pitcher, tin container, polyethylene bag and refrigerator (10 0 C) for ten months at room temperature. Samples were taken at monthly interval beginning from the month of April (prior to storage). The seed moisture content and black point severity were found highest in dole resulting in the lowest percentage of seed germination. The highest germination percentage was observed under storage in refrigerator followed by polyethylene bag, tin container and earthen pitcher. The moisture content and black point infection increased and seed germination decreased with the increase of storage period. Prior to storage in April, the seed germination was 95%, which decreased to about 75% at the end often months of storage (in January). Various fungal flora associated with wheat seeds differed in their prevalence depending on the length of storage period and types of container used for storage. The population of field fungi viz., Alternaria alternata, Aiternaria triticina, Bipolaris sorokiniana, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Curvularia lunata, Epicoccum purpurascens and Fusarium spp. decreased while that of storage fungi viz., Aspergillus, Chaetomium, Nigrospora, Penicillium and Rhizopus increased with the progress of storage period.
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different levels of black point infection caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana and other fungal pathogens on some quality characters of wheat grain. Wheat grains were graded on a 0-5 scale based on levels of black point infection. Quality characters of grain viz., protein, fat, dry matter, ash and mineral contents under different grades were determined following standard methods. The dry matter and ash contents of grain decreased while the contents of protein and fat increased with the increasing severity of black point infection. The observations on macro and micro nutrient contents of grain indicated that the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, and boron increased, whereas the contents of potassium, iron, zinc, copper and sodium decreased with the increase of black point infection. However, the reductions in copper content of black point affected grains under different grades of infection were not significant as compared to apparently healthy grains. Key Words: Black point; Bipolaris sorokiniana; grain quality; wheat. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i2.5789Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(2) : 181-187, June 2009
Rhizoctonia solani isolates were collected from soil of different agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh and also from infected plant parts of different crops and grasses. Collected isolates were classified into five different cluster groups on the basis of morphological and cultural characters. Five isolates taking one from each of the five different cluster groups were selected to study their pathogenicity and host range on 35 different crops. Pathogenicity and host range of the isolates were determined by planting the seeds in water agar plate infested with R. solani isolates and incubated at 25°C temperatures. After analyzing the morphological and cultural characters of the isolates, it was found that there was no relations between the isolates with respect to their origin from where they were collected. It indicated that the diversity among the isolates was not correlated with their origin. In case of host range and pathogenicity among the five selected isolates of different cluster groups, the isolate JES-16 was an avirulent isolate. The isolate SYL-30 had narrow host range and a low virulent isolate. The isolates DIN-8 and GAZ-18 possessed wide host range and might be considered as virulent isolates. The isolate GAZ-9 was a highly virulent isolate with a wide host range. Keywords: Rhizoctonia solani; morphological and pathogenic variations; isolates. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i3.6443Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(3) : 375-380
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