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Objective. Thyroid surgery has travelled a long path, from a surgery which once was considered deemed to fail and even led to death, to the current time when newer techniques are being tested to make the incision smaller and smaller. The aim of our study is to give a precise detailed stepwise description of medial and lateral surgical approach with the anatomical basis and to compare their feasibility and safety. Methods. 104 cases presenting with thyroid swelling in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Assam Medical College Dibrugarh from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019, were selected and randomisation was done based on day of admission from OPD. Basic demographic data, preoperative diagnosis, operative time, blood loss, need for transection of strap muscles, and complications were recorded. Result. The distribution of thyroid cases according to age ranged from 17 to 81 years. The prevalence of thyroid disorders was the highest (37.5%) in the age group of 31–40 yrs. Of a total of 104 thyroid cases, 49 were colloid goitre, 24 were multinodular goitre, 9 were follicular neoplasm category 4, 4 were papillary thyroid carcinoma, 2 were follicular neoplasm category 3, and 3 were follicular neoplasm category 5. Conclusion. Out of the two approaches, lateral approach thyroidectomy showed better results with fewer complications. A single structure (superior belly of omohyoid) can be used as a guide to preserving all vital structures related to the thyroid gland.

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is clinically dened as a symptomatic disorder of the nose induced after allergen exposure by an IgE- mediated inammation of the nasal mucous membranes. The symptoms include rhinorrhea (anterior or posterior), nasal congestion, nasal itching, and sneezing. In this study, we tried to determine the prevalence of Allergic Rhinitis among the people of North Eastern part of India (Assam) retrospectively. So we did a data based cohort study in a cross sectional pattern of the patients of visited Otorhinolaryngology Department of Assam medical college Dibrugarh, India, from July 2019 to June 2020. Aims And Objectives: To study about the burden of Allergic rhinitis among the people of Upper Assam Region. Methods And Materials: A study was done retrospectively based on data of the 420 patients who visited Otorhinolaryngology OPD in Assam Medical College and Hospital, Dibrugarh from July 2019 to June 2020, with symptoms of Allergic Rhinitis. The diagnosis was made on the basis of history and clinical examination. Discussion: It was found that out of 420 patients, the bulk of patients came to OPD during rainy season of august, autumn months of October and winter months of November. Besides 64% of people were of working age groups of 21-59 years who were exposed to dust , pollens, fungus , house dust mites during seasonal variations. Conclusion: The burden of allergic rhinitis in upper Assam region is largely underestimated. The cause of consistent symptoms of allergic rhinitis was noncompliance with medications, Lack of ability to comply with the advice of prevention of exposure to allergens, lack of education, lack of denitive diagnosis in peripheral health centre.

Introduction Hydatid cysts in the neck are relatively exceptional. We report a rare case of a hydatid cyst localized in the right submandibular region of the neck with a second cyst in lung discussing diagnostic and management algorithm with brief review of literature. Case Report A 6 years old boy presented to us in Gauhati Medical College & Hospital with a gradually enlarging painless swelling in right submandibular region since last 4 months. The patient was thoroughly evaluated. Imaging and FNAC was performed. Suspected common locations were also screened prior to surgery. He was treated with total pericystectomy and followed up regularly.  Discussion Hydatid disease is a widespread public health problem in developing countries. The possibility of hydatid disease, especially in endemic regions, may always be considered in the differential diagnosis of mesenchymal neoplasms or soft tissue cystic masses in the neck. Radiologic imaging modalities in such cases are mandatory for the diagnosis. The prognosis is excellent in hydatid cyst cases treated with total removal of the cyst without rupture.

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Salivary gland tumours constitute 3-4% of all head and neck cancers (mostly benign). These tumours are epithelial (95%) or mesenchymal in origin. Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign salivary gland tumour and mucoepidermoid carcinoma (45%) is the most common malignant salivary gland tumour followed by adenoid cystic carcinoma (30%). The parotid, submandibular and the minor salivary glands of palate are commonly involved and the sublingual gland is rarely affected.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hospital based cross sectional study was done in a tertiary care centre during a period of 1 year, which included 21 patients (10 men and 11 women). Patients were analysed according to age, gender, food habits, histopathological type and site of the tumour and treatment strategy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All the cases were from upper Assam province sharing a particular demographic pattern between 19-65 years. Peak incidence in males was fourth decade and females was third decade. Male female ratio was 0.9:1. Out of 21 cases, 14 were parotid gland tumours, 6 submandibular gland tumours and 1 minor salivary gland tumour. Most of the tumours were benign (16) and 5 were malignant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Two patients were of age 19 years which is conflicting the normal national incidence. All cases belonged to lower economic strata with decreased intake of beta carotene enriched food items. The most common site is parotid gland and most common tumour is pleomorphic adenoma which is in accordance to other studies. Benign cases were subjected to superficial parotidectomy and malignant cases to total parotidectomy with neck dissection.</p>