Abstract-Network topology plays a vital role in chip design; it largely determines network cost (power and area) and significantly impacts communication performance in manycore architectures. Conventional topologies such as a 2D mesh have drawbacks including high diameter as the network scales and poor load balancing for the center nodes. We propose a methodology to design random topologies for on-chip networks. Random topologies provide better scalability in terms of network diameter and provide inherent load balancing. As a proof-of-concept for random on-chip topologies, we explore a novel set of networks -dodecs -and illustrate how they reduce network diameter with randomized low-radix router connections. While a 4 ⇥ 4 mesh has a diameter of 6, our dodec has a diameter of 4 with lower cost. By introducing randomness, dodec networks exhibit more uniform message latency. By using low-radix routers, dodec networks simplify the router microarchitecture and attain 20% area and 22% power reduction compared to mesh routers while delivering the same overall application performance for PARSEC.
Communication, which intends to provide a link between any two people, is now moving towards man-to-machine and machine-to-machine connection for transferring different types of data. This transmission scenario, with and ever expanding number of active and passive users, lays the foundation to variety of communication protocols owing to the different types of data which is involved in the process. Within this ever expanding communication arena, Middle-ware can be thought of as a set of hardware and software which is used to connect different platforms with the end-users that are increasing in number day-by-day, with a possible wide spread over any region spanning from few meters to several kilometers. IEEE 802.11 is the set of standards which guides the wireless technology for device implementation and demands seamless integration across the entire protocol stack. This in turn demands an overview of the middleware architecture in broader perspective. This chapter explores the concept of middleware in the existing communication scenario, current trends and future scope.
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