Objective: The purpose of this in vivo study was to compare the ability of digital tactile, digital radiographic and electronic methods to determine reliability in locating the apical constriction. Materials and methods:Informed consent was obtained from patients scheduled for orthodontic extraction. The teeth were anesthetized, isolated and accessed. The canals were negotiated, pulp chamber and canals were irrigated and pulp was extirpated. The working length was then evaluated for each canal by digital tactile sensation, an electronic apex locator (The Root ZX) and digital radiography. The readings were then compared with post-extraction working length measurements. Results:The percentage accuracy indicated that EAL method (Root ZX) shows maximum accuracy, i.e. 99.85% and digital tactile and digital radiographic method (DDR) showed 98.20 and 97.90% accuracy respectively.Clinical significance: Hence, it can be concluded that the EAL method (Root ZX) produced most reliable results for determining the accurate working length.

Myofibroblast are essential for the integrity of human body by virtue of its role in wound healing and pathological organ remodeling. Myofibroblast is a universal cellular component in mammalian lesions, but not a typical component of normal untraumatized tissues. Therefore its presence in abundance in case of cancer is a matter of concern. Tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in tumor progression. These so called cancer associated fibroblast or myofibroblast are the major components and occur in stromal tissue during carcinogenesis processes. This study is a quantitative assessment of presence and distribution of myofibroblast in severe dysplasia, microinvasion and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Background: Endodontically treated teeth with extensive loss of tooth structure lacks sufficient support for a permanent restoration. While restoring them with post and core it is important not to disrupt the apical seal. Aim: Evaluation of apical leakage after immediate and delayed postspace preparation using two root canal sealers. Materials and Methods: Sixty single-rooted teeth were decoronated and roots were biomechanically prepared and obturated with gutta-percha and 2 sealers: AH Plus (Group A, n = 30) and Sure-Seal root canal sealer (Group B, n = 30). Groups A and B were subdivided into A1, A2 and B1, B2. Postspace was prepared immediately for A1 and B1. For A2 and B2 post space was prepared after storage in physiologic saline for 1 week. The samples were kept in Rhodamine B dye for 72 h and then sectioned longitudinally to observe dye penetration along the root canal wall under Stereomicroscope. The dye penetration was measured linearly and the values were subjected for statistical analysis using one-way analysis of variance and t -test. Results: Statistically significant difference between Group A (1.00 mm) and B (2.71 mm) was observed ( P < 0.001). However, the subgroups for immediate and delayed post space preparation did not show statistically significant difference (A1 = 0.947; A2 = 1.043; B1 = 2.306 and B2 = 3.120, P < 0.001). Conclusion: AH plus sealer showed lesser leakage compared to Sure-Seal Root canal sealer. The difference in leakage values was not statistically significant in delayed and immediate post space preparation groups, Time of postspace preparation has no influence on apical leakage.

Based on the results of the present study, it seems that the usage of advanced endodontic instruments is not up to the level. Also we found increased use of new technologies with years of postgraduation.

Technology and dentistry have combined to produce amazing results. To attain the maximum success rates, the patient's needs andtechnology have been weaved together. For the dentist, the assistant, and the patient, it offers a number of benefits. Technology hasnot only uplifted the accuracy and intricacy of dentistry but has reduced the burden on the clinician as well. Traditionally, with onlytwo- dimensional X-ray data available, establishing correct diagnosis and an appropriate treatment plan could be arduous; therapiesessentially relied on the manual skills and experience of the operator.But now, Digitalisation comes with bounty of blessings. Thespeed and simplicity of procedures, which means the patients can be in and out of the clinic with their teeth completely restored inway less time than with conventional techniques.