; for the US Zika Pregnancy Registry Collaboration IMPORTANCE Understanding the risk of birth defects associated with Zika virus infection during pregnancy may help guide communication, prevention, and planning efforts. In the absence of Zika virus, microcephaly occurs in approximately 7 per 10 000 live births. OBJECTIVE To estimate the preliminary proportion of fetuses or infants with birth defects after maternal Zika virus infection by trimester of infection and maternal symptoms. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Completed pregnancies with maternal, fetal, or infant laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection and outcomes reported in the continental United States and Hawaii from January 15 to September 22, 2016, in the US Zika Pregnancy Registry, a collaboration between the CDC and state and local health departments. EXPOSURES Laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection in a maternal, placental, fetal, or infant sample. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Birth defects potentially Zika associated: brain abnormalities with or without microcephaly, neural tube defects and other early brain malformations, eye abnormalities, and other central nervous system consequences. RESULTS Among 442 completed pregnancies in women (median age, 28 years; range, 15-50 years) with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection, birth defects potentially related to Zika virus were identified in 26 (6%; 95% CI, 4%-8%) fetuses or infants. There were 21 infants with birth defects among 395 live births and 5 fetuses with birth defects among 47 pregnancy losses. Birth defects were reported for 16 of 271 (6%; 95% CI, 4%-9%) pregnant asymptomatic women and 10 of 167 (6%; 95% CI, 3%-11%) symptomatic pregnant women. Of the 26 affected fetuses or infants, 4 had microcephaly and no reported neuroimaging, 14 had microcephaly and brain abnormalities, and 4 had brain abnormalities without microcephaly; reported brain abnormalities included intracranial calcifications, corpus callosum abnormalities, abnormal cortical formation, cerebral atrophy, ventriculomegaly, hydrocephaly, and cerebellar abnormalities. Infants with microcephaly (18/442) represent 4% of completed pregnancies. Birth defects were reported in 9 of 85 (11%; 95% CI, 6%-19%) completed pregnancies with maternal symptoms or exposure exclusively in the first trimester (or first trimester and periconceptional period), with no reports of birth defects among fetuses or infants with prenatal exposure to Zika virus infection only in the second or third trimesters. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among pregnant women in the United States with completed pregnancies and laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika infection, 6% of fetuses or infants had evidence of Zika-associated birth defects, primarily brain abnormalities and microcephaly, whereas among women with first-trimester Zika infection, 11% of fetuses or infants had evidence of Zika-associated birth defects. These findings support the importance of screening pregnant women for Zika virus exposure.

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India is at risk of Zika virus transmission due to high prevalence of its vector Aedes aegypti. Rajasthan, a state in the north-west region of India, has also high prevalence of Aedes mosquito. First laboratory confirmed case of Zika virus disease in Rajasthan was reported on 21 September 2018 in Jaipur. The Government of Rajasthan quickly implemented a containment strategy to contain the outbreak and prevent further spread of this disease. Strategy included active human and mosquito surveillance, laboratory testing and sequencing of the virus, integrated vector control measures, intersectoral coordination, risk communication and social mobilisation, all in a predefined geographic area around the epicentre. Timely action with appropriate coordination at all levels with multiple stakeholders contained the outbreak successfully. In all, 159 confirmed cases were reported from in and around the 3 km containment zone in Shastri Nagar area of Jaipur City and routine surveillance. Following this, a specially developed laboratory-based surveillance strategy was put in place to ensure that the disease does not spread beyond the containment zone. No fresh case was reported subsequently within or beyond the containment zone.

Glomeruloid hemangioma is a rare, histologically distinctive, cutaneous, benign vascular tumor, originally described by Chan et al. Glomeruloid hemangioma appears specific to polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin changes syndrome (POEMS), and is usually, but not always, related to Castleman's disease. We herein report two cases with glomeruloid hemangioma, without any features of the POEMS syndrome. Glomeruloid hemangioma requires a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. It could rarely present as a solitary finding, without any evidence of an underlying POEMS syndrome.

Background: Placental Abruption is an important cause of antepartum haemorrhage. It is defined as the separation of the placenta either partially or totally from its implantation site before delivery. APH is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Therefore the study was planned to study the maternal and perinatal outcomes in patients of abruption placenta. Methods: The present study was conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, SMGS, Hospital, Govt. Medical College Jammu over a period of 1 year. It was a prospective study and all case of Abruptio placenta ≥ 28 weeks of gestational age were included. Results: It was observed that maximum cases of Abruptio Placenta i.e 67.65% were multigravida. 41.47% of cases of Abruptio Placenta had hypertension. 4.41 % had Polyhydramnios. 61.76% delivered vaginally. 23.53% patients had postpartum haemorrhage whereas only 2.98% had undergone Postpartum Hysterectomy. The most common fetal complication in Abruptio Placenta was prematurity (35.71%). 5.89% patients of Abruptio Placentas died during Peripartum period. Perinatal mortality was high 48.58%. Conclusions: Abruptio placent is associated with significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Good regular antenatal care and availability of emergency medical services remains the backbone for the good maternal and perinatal outcomes.

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Background: Unexplained infertility is one of the major causes of female infertility and ovulation induction is used as a standard treatment for such cases. Clomiphene citrate is commonly used drug for induction of ovulation. Aims: To assess follicular growth, endometrial thickness and timing of ovulation in Spontaneous and Clomiphene Citrate Induced Cycle in Unexplained Infertility. Material and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in Vardhman Mahavir Medical College & Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India, after taking ethical clearance from institutional ethical committee. A total of thirty unexplained infertility cases were enrolled in the study. Each woman was evaluated by transvaginal ultrasound, first on day 3 of menstrual cycle for baseline assessment, then from day eight, every alternate day until ovulation. They were evaluated first in a spontaneous cycle followed by an induced cycle with clomiphene citrate 50 mg daily for 5 days from day 3 to 7 of cycle. SPSS software and paired t-test were used for analyzing the results. P value less than 0.05 was considered for statistical significance. Results: The leading follicular diameter was significantly larger, endometrial thickness was significantly diminished and ovulation occurred earlier in Clomiphene Citrate induced cycle when compared to spontaneous cycle. Conclusion: Clomiphene citrate induced cycles showed different follicular growth, endometrial thickness and timing of ovulation compared to spontaneous cycles.

Midline interhemispheric cyst with corpus callosal agenesis is a well recognized condition and has been associated with various genetic conditions. Associated extraaxial tumors are uncommon with no proven genetic association. We describe a rare case of corpus callosal agenesis with a dorsal interhemispheric cyst and an extraaxial teratoma in the basifrontal region and review its imaging features along with the etiopathogenesis of concurrence of such condition.