Introduction: Cultural belief and individual's perception play an important role in acceptance of modern family planning method, more so among tribal communities. It is important to understand the prevailing beliefs and practices among tribal as well as their felt and unmet needs to address existing gaps and improve family planning services for them. Methods: Total 32 in-depth interviews and eight focus group discussions were conducted among service providers and the tribal eligible couples respectively from April to June 2017 in six villages of Anandpur block in Keonjhar district, Odisha to explore about tribals' beliefs and cultural practice on marriage and childbirth, barriers and challenges in adopting family planning methods and their practices to address unwanted pregnancies. Data were analysed thematically using content analysis method. Results: The most prevalent barriers for accepting permanent family planning method were their cultural practice to ban woman acceptor from worshiping God, fear of unable to provide sexual satisfaction to their partner that may cause remarriage of their spouse. Non availability of contraceptives with front line health workers was an important factor for its non adherence. Low affordability and lack of easy access to public health facilities during any reproductive health related complications make tribal consult local traditional healers. Conclusions: Round the clock availability of contraceptives with front-line health providers along with continuous behavioural change communication involving male partners and local influential persons will improve family planning service among tribal.
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