Sapodilla is one of many fruits that has been consumed in all people in Thailand, especially in the elderly. The aim of this preliminary was to evaluate the antioxidant compounds, radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory activities of ripe sapodilla extracts, and the effects of their consumption on antioxidants, vitamins, lipid profiles, cytokines, and walking distance in healthy elderly volunteers. Vitamin A, E and C, total phenolics, the activity of scavenging Superoxide (O 2 o-), Hydroxyl (OH o ), Hydrogen Peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and Nitric Oxide (NO), and inhibition of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) were identified in vitro. Whereas in elderly subjects, Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Glutathione (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA), Protein Hydroperoxide (PrOOH), Nitric Oxide (NO), vitamins, lipid profiles (triglyceride, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-C, lowdensity lipoprotein; LDL), glucose, TNF-α, interleukin (IL-23 and IL-2), and 6-Minute Walking Distance (6MWD) were evaluated before and after 4-week consumption of 100 g of fresh sapodilla fruit twice daily.Results specific to in vitro data showed that sapodilla extract contained vitamin C and A, total phenolics, scavenged OH o , O 2 o-, NO, and H 2 O 2 , and inhibited TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner. The results in elderly individuals showed a significant increase of TAC, and vitamin C and A, while the NO level decreased. A significant decrease in cholesterol and increase in glucose with no significant change in all cytokines, were noted after consumption. Finally, the 6MWD improved significantly. This preliminary study demonstrates that ripe sapodilla fruit shows antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and benefits for health status among elderly persons.
Clinical benefits of rehabilitation are very difficult to present because of various factors such as very small sample sizes, no control comparison, or short period of intervention.
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License AJBSR.MS.ID.000873.
Background: Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) is seasonal and originates from many Southeast Asia countries, including Thailand. Previous evidence claimed that it has various antioxidative compounds such as phenolics, saponins, flavonoid C-glycosides, tannin and L-ascorbic acid. In Thailand, the sweet-type of star fruit (SF) is cultivated and marketed more than the sour-type, but their different antioxidant and active compounds between both types have not been investigated. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the active compounds and anti-oxidant activity between sweet- and sour-type SF in vitro. Materials and methods: Active compounds such as total phenolic compound, total flavonoids and L-ascorbic acid in extracts were evaluated between sweet- and sour-type SF crude extracts by using Folin-Ciocalteau reagent, aluminum chloride colorimetric assay and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Antioxidant activity on scavenging radicals such as the 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS•+) cation and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) cation and nitric oxide (NO) was analyzed. Moreover, the protective activity of glutathione (GSH) oxidation from free radicals generated by high voltage (HV)-stimulation in a mixture of plasma micro/nanobubble water; the same as that of protein oxidation in bovine serum albumin (BSA) and malondialdehyde (MDA) from 2,2’-Azobic (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), was evaluated in vitro. Results: Sour-type SF extract at 1 gm showed higher total phenolics (1,625±2.3 µg equivalent gallic acid [GAE]), total flavonoid (245±3.6 µg equivalent quercetin), and ascorbic acid (Vit C) (565±4.5 µg) than sweet-type (520±3.5 µg GAE, 187±2.5 µg, and 513±2.6 µg). In addition, sour-type SF showed a lower dose of inhibitory concentration of 50% (IC50) than sweet-type on scavenging DPPH (32.32±2.3 & 58.9±2.4 mg) and NO (23.1 ± 1.1 mg & undetected). However, IC50 on ABTS•+ scavenging of sweet-type was lower than that of sour-type (348.8±2.5 & 511.9±2.6 mg). Sweet-type showed protective effects with a dose response at 0.25-1.0 mg of extract, 125-500 µg of protein carbonyl and 62.5-500 µg of lipid peroxidation. However, sour-type at high doses showed pro-oxidant activity on increased GSH oxidation, protein carbonyl and MDA formation. Conclusion: Sour-type SF showed higher active antioxidants, such as total phenolics, total flavonoids and Vit C as well as radical scavenging of DPPH and NO, than sweet-type SF. However, high concentrations aggravated GSH, protein and lipid oxidation. Whereas, sweet-type SF showed beneficial protective effects.
Background: Star fruit (SF) (Averrhoa carambola L.) is seasonal and has special characteristics including a sweet or sour taste. The sweet-type is more available for purchase in many markets in Thailand, when compared to the sour-type. Thus, its antioxidant activity and potentially more modified supplement for elderly health during regular exercise in the community is very challenging. Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity and physical capacity from supplementation of sweet-type SF among elderly people performing home walking exercise. Methods: The SF product was prepared industrially by mixing SF juice with honey. Its effects on oxidative stress status and physical capacity were studied in a community of elderly people during their walking exercise at home (n=11, 67.00 ± 4.17 years) and compared to a control (n=12, aged 67.50 ± 5.58 years), supplement (n=11, aged 69.63 ± 7.14 years), and walking execise (n =12, aged 67.91 ± 4.33 years). Twenty grams or two teaspoons of supplement in warm water (150 mL) was the guideline for consumption twice daily for 4 weeks, whereas the walking exercise was prescribed with moderate intensity for 30 minutes, 3 days per week. Before and after the 4-week period, the oxidative stress status; glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (Vit C), total antioxidant capcity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA), and physical capacity; 6-minute walking distase (6MWD) were evaluated. Results:Results in the four groups showed no statistical difference in any parameters in the baseline period, whereas, a significant difference occurred after the 4-week period. Plasma Vit C and TAC increased and the MDA decreased significantly in the supplement product group, but the GSH and 6MWD were not affected. The GSH and Vit C decreased in the walking exercise group, whereas, its TAC, MDA and 6MWD increased significantly, when compared to baseline. Finally, The GSH and Vit C did not decrease in the combined supplement and walking exercise group, but while their MDA slightly decreased, their TAC and 6MWD increased significantly. Conclusion: Supplementation of the SF product during walking exercise possibly controls oxidative stress status and enhances physical capacity.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.