Due to sharp increases in data dimensions, working on every data mining or machine learning (ML) task requires more efficient techniques to get the desired results. Therefore, in recent years, researchers have proposed and developed many methods and techniques to reduce the high dimensions of data and to attain the required accuracy. To ameliorate the accuracy of learning features as well as to decrease the training time dimensionality reduction is used as a pre-processing step, which can eliminate irrelevant data, noise, and redundant features. Dimensionality reduction (DR) has been performed based on two main methods, which are feature selection (FS) and feature extraction (FE). FS is considered an important method because data is generated continuously at an ever-increasing rate; some serious dimensionality problems can be reduced with this method, such as decreasing redundancy effectively, eliminating irrelevant data, and ameliorating result comprehensibility. Moreover, FE transacts with the problem of finding the most distinctive, informative, and decreased set of features to ameliorate the efficiency of both the processing and storage of data. This paper offers a comprehensive approach to FS and FE in the scope of DR. Moreover, the details of each paper, such as used algorithms/approaches, datasets, classifiers, and achieved results are comprehensively analyzed and summarized. Besides, a systematic discussion of all of the reviewed methods to highlight authors' trends, determining the method(s) has been done, which significantly reduced computational time, and selecting the most accurate classifiers. As a result, the different types of both methods have been discussed and analyzed the findings.  

Skin cancer is among the primary cancer types that manifest due to various dermatological disorders, which may be further classified into several types based on morphological features, color, structure, and texture. The mortality rate of patients who have skin cancer is contingent on preliminary and rapid detection and diagnosis of malignant skin cancer cells. Limitations in current dermoscopic images, including shadow, artifact, and noise, affect image quality, which may hamper detection effort. Attempts to overcome these challenges have been made by analyzing the images using deep learning neural networks to perform skin cancer detection. In this paper, the authors review the state-of-the-art in authoritative deep learning concepts pertinent to skin cancer detection and classification.

Facial attractiveness or facial beauty prediction (FBP) is a current study that has several potential usages. It is a key difficulty area in the computer vision domain because of the few public databases related to FBP and its experimental trials on the minor-scale database. Moreover, the evaluation of facial beauty is personalized in nature, with people having personalized favor of beauty. Deep learning techniques have displayed a significant ability in terms of analysis and feature representation. The previous studies focussed on scattered portions of facial beauty with fewer comparisons between diverse techniques. Thus, this article reviewed the recent research on computer prediction and analysis of face beauty based on deep convolution neural network DCNN. Furthermore, the provided possible lines of research and challenges in this article can help researchers in advancing the state – of- art in future work.

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