Using the family financial socialization theory, this study investigated the financial knowledge and behavior of high school students' contextualizing unintentional and purposive family financial socialization. The sample of 4,473 high school students were 51% females, 45% seniors, and ethnically diverse. A path analysis tested conceptual relationships between variables. Results indicated that the two unintentional socialization indicators were positively associated with subjective financial knowledge and financial behavior. Those indicators were also indirectly associated with financial behavior through knowledge. Student-earned income, a purposive indicator of socialization, was positively associated with behavior through knowledge. Exclusively obtaining money through parents was negatively associated with behavior through knowledge. Knowledge was positively associated with behavior.
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate formation of a copreneurial identity during new venture creation by investigating underpinnings of spousal commitment considering business communication quality.Design/methodology/approachThe study was grounded in identity theory, used a longitudinal copreneurial sample, and SEM modeling. Entrepreneurial literature is filled with how entrepreneurs form their identity, but little is known about how entrepreneurs and their spouses mutually form their copreneurial identity.FindingsEntrepreneurs’ reported spouses having high Time 1 commitment, but spouses reported they were more committed than reported by entrepreneurs. Links between spouse’s Time 1 commitment self‐assessment and Time 2 entrepreneur’s assessment of spousal commitment differed by business communication quality. Time 1 spouse’s commitment self‐assessment was positively related to Time 2 entrepreneur’s appraisal of spousal commitment only for the high business communication group and not for the low business communication group. For couples having high business communication quality, entrepreneur’s assessment of spousal commitment over time was composed of spouse’s self‐assessment of commitment and entrepreneur’s appraisal of spousal commitment, reflecting the mutual verification of a copreneurial identity.Originality/valueThis study provides evidence for Van Auken and Werbel's proposition that an entrepreneur's decision to launch a new business depends not only on opportunity analyses but also on the degree that an entrepreneur's spouse shares a common vision about firm goals. This study not only contributes to the theoretical development of a copreneurial identity but it also addresses measurement issues related to spousal business identity formation. Unlike previous studies considering spousal commitment in terms of marital status or work involvement, a measurement model for spousal commitment was tested using three indicators of cognitive moral commitment. Distinctions were made in stock and flow measures of spousal social capital and initial spousal stock levels were assessed. Furthermore, there appeared to be relatively high consistency between entrepreneur's assessment of spousal commitment and spousal's reflection of their own commitment, suggesting that the spousal commitment construct has some clearly defined properties.
Previous studies have revealed that information and communication technologies (ICTs) play a crucial role in parenting. Utilizing a national sample of mothers, the current study addresses mothers' information-seeking behaviors using ICTs utilizing the sense-making theoretical approach. Specifically, the study explored mothers' gap-bridging activities via online information venues including blogs, discussion boards/chatrooms, e-mailed newsletters, and online courses. Further, the associations were examined between mothers' demographic characteristics and their patterns of gap-bridging activities using online information venues. Latent class analysis revealed five latent classes: limited gap bridging, active gap bridging, problem identifiers, perspective explorers, and reassurance seekers. The "limited gap bridging" latent class was the most common class across online information venues. The other latent classes illustrate a more complex picture of mothers' gap-bridging activities depending on their needs. Mothers' demographic characteristics were associated with their patterns of gap-bridging activities. Implications of these findings for future research are discussed.
This exploratory study sought to identify relevant topics for financial education programs for Filipino Employment Permit System (EPS) workers in Korea. EPS workers are temporary migrant workers who return to their home countries after their contract of employment ends. The study reviewed existing financial education programs for migrants in Korea and the Philippines and collected primary data through surveys and focus group interviews to develop a suitable financial education program for Filipino EPS workers. The results revealed that Filipino EPS workers were passive users of Korean financial services and often lacked financial literacy. Also, they did not have much communication with their families in the Philippines about financial management. A forum about transnational financial education was organized to discuss the implications of the study findings and a pilot financial education program was developed.
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