Requirements are usually "hand-written" and suffers from several problems like redundancy and inconsistency. The problems of redundancy and inconsistency between requirements or sets of requirements impact negatively the success of final products. Manually processing these issues requires too much time and it is very costly. The main contribution of this paper is the use of k-means algorithm for a redundancy and inconsistency detection in a new context, which is Requirements Engineering context. Also, we introduce a filtering approach to eliminate "noisy" requirements and a preprocessing step based on the Natural Language Processing (NLP) technique to see the impact of this latter on the k-means results. We use Part-Of-Speech (POS) tagging and noun chunking to detect technical business terms associated to the requirements documents that we analyze. We experiment this approach on real industrial datasets. The results show the efficiency of the k-means clustering algorithm, especially with the filtering and preprocessing steps. Our approach is using the software SEMIOS and will be integrated as a new functionality.
Rationale:
Fetal brain hemorrhage is rare. It is caused mainly by maternal trauma or fetal coagulation disorder, but in some cases, vitamin K deficiency may be the cause.
Patient concerns:
We describe the case of a pregnant woman with bowel obstruction who was susceptible to vitamin K deficiency due to oral diet restriction, decreased intestinal absorption, and limited intravenous vitamin K supplementation.
Diagnosis:
After 18 days of intermittent total parenteral nutrition, acute onset of severe fetal brain hemorrhage developed.
Interventions:
After acute onset of fetal brain hemorrhage, the patient underwent an emergency cesarean section at 25 + 3 weeks of gestation due to fetal non-reassuring fetal monitoring.
Outcomes:
The Apgar score at birth was 0/0, and despite cardiopulmonary resuscitation, neonatal death was confirmed. After the baby was delivered, we checked the maternal upper abdominal cavity and found a massive adhesion in the small bowel to the abdominal wall near the liver and stomach with an adhesion band. The adhesion band, presumably a complication of previous hepatobiliary surgery, appeared to have caused small bowel obstruction. Adhesiolysis between the small bowel and abdominal wall was performed.
Lessons:
This case demonstrates that even relatively short-term total parenteral nutrition can cause severe fetal brain hemorrhage. Vitamin K supplementation is required for mothers who are expected to be vitamin K deficient, especially if they are on total parenteral nutrition for more than 3 weeks.
In this work, we first introduce two main approaches to writing requirements and then propose a method based on Natural Language Processing to improve requirement authoring and the overall coherence, cohesion and organization of requirement documents. We investigate the structure of requirement kernels, and then the discourse structure associated with those kernels. This will then enable the system to accurately extract requirements and their related contexts from texts (called requirement mining). Finally, we relate a first experimentation on requirement mining based on texts from seven companies. An evaluation that compares those results with manually annotated corpora of documents is given to conclude.
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