Miscellanea GeoGraphica-RegIONal StuDIeS ON DeVelOpmeNt Development studies became an important interdisciplinary research field after World War II. The Cold War and the political division between the West and the Eastern Bloc created tensions between the main geopolitical powers of the time. This had important implications on development models proposed on both sides of the Iron Curtain as well as in the "rest of the world". The aim of this paper is to refresh and present a development strategy that was created by Yugoslav researchers. This strategy was analysed on the basis of original contemporary Yugoslav works including books, articles in scientific journals, papers presented at conferences and working meetings, brochures and booklets of institutes and state bodies involved in development research. Although there are a few publications on the idea of self-reliance itself, the materials cited here are not easily accessible to the wider scientific community due to their age and the general lack of available translations. This paper gives a "photographic" insight into the body of Yugoslav theory that was still being developed in 1989, the year of publication of the most recent work analysed and only two years before the breakup of Yugoslavia and onset of the war which put an end to development research in the collapsing country. The collective self-reliance strategy was an original concept for speeding up development in underdeveloped regions. It was particularly aimed at members of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), of which Yugoslavia was one of the founders. Revisiting this concept today on the basis of these original Yugoslav works is an attempt to contribute to the ongoing discussion on methods of confronting problems of underdevelopment in a way that is not frequently encountered these days. The paper aims to contribute to the body of the history of European development thought in the 20th century. The scientific approach of Yugoslav scientists working on the collective self-reliance strategy can be classified as either marxist or structuralist, with a strong notion of dependency theory. Important works on the strategy were published by Ljubiša Adamović (1979), Rikard Štajner (1989), Janez Stanovnik (1979), Dunja Pastizzi-Ferenčić (1980) and Srđan Kerim (1983, 1985). Model framework The new geopolitical constellation and decolonisation of African and Asian countries that were plagued by economic and institutional deficiencies resulted in the need to work out ways of
This paper addresses the negotiation of geopolitical knowledge by internet audiences in the comment section of the website of the Serbian newspaper Politika. It maps changes in the commenters' attitudes towards Russia's declarative role as the international protector of Serbia's territorial sovereignty through an examination of online comments on the Russo-Georgian war in 2008 and Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014. Starting with Serbia's international humiliation during the Yugoslav wars, exemplified by the exodus from the Republic of Serbian Krajina in 1995 and the Kosovo crisis of 1999, it analyses the strategies that users deploy to draw geographical analogies between distant and local places and across time. The example of this Serbian newspaper comment board is used to discuss the benefits of deeper engagement with online comments in geopolitical narrative and argue for the value of treating geographical analogies as expressions of emotion. The sociology of knowledge approach to discourse (SKAD) is shown to be useful in popular geopolitical analysis, especially of the knowledge/emotion nexus. SKAD is used to propose a context-specific way of accessing emotions in geopolitical narratives, taking the case of what is traditionally regarded as a national character trait in Serbia -inat, or 'spite, defiance'.
This paper aims to reconstruct the knowledge claims and memory politics in Polish public discourse about the Caucasus. As it highlights the importance of history and a production of a ‘New History’ for political use, it illuminates the role of the visual dimension in the symbolic politics of memory in Poland. The special example of the Caucasus, particularly the places of Georgia and Russia, serves to show how peripheral regions can gain prominence in the knowledge struggles and strategies of self-representation and othering of particular nations, regions and states on the geopolitical plane.
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