In the University of Oriente (UO) of Santiago de Cuba, recent diagnoses made by specialists of the Department of Psychology demonstrated in the last years an increase in the index of students that consume alcoholic beverages, the objective of this investigation was to develop a program of training in social skills that would contribute to the prevention of alcohol misuse, the methods used were intervention, where 16 students participated and was carried out through three stages. In the first, the initial diagnosis was made by applying the Goldstein social skills questionnaire, the questionnaire for the Identification of alcohol-related disorders and a group interview, then the program was designed and applied and the final phase was evaluated. The changes that emerged in the group after the intervention. The pattern of alcohol risk consumption was initially obtained, there was a prevalence in the low level of development of social skills and a limited knowledge about the harmful effects of their consumption. After the intervention, the majority of the students reached a high level of social skills development and the social consumption pattern prevailed in the group. Favorable results were obtained for the reduction of undue alcohol consumption, where adolescents reached a high level of skill development and managed to reduce the amount and frequency of their consumption.

It was considered necessary to conduct a literature review with the following objective: Determine the relationship between social skills and alcohol consumption. As a result of the theoretical review carried out, it was possible to identify that numerous authors emphasize that social skills are important protective factors against alcohol consumption. On the other hand, the deficit in social skills is associated with the appearance of substance use. In addition, there are studies that point to the social incompetence of adolescents and young people as a risk factor for alcohol abuse. In this regard, several researchers have emphasized that training in social skills should be part of behavioral treatments for individuals with alcohol problems and also have to integrate preventive programs. In conclusion, the research carried out has made it possible to deduce that the strengthening of social skills can contribute to improving the resistance to pressure from the consumption of alcohol and other drugs, and therefore to the prevention of this scourge. It is concluded, therefore, that social skills training could be an option, not only for the treatment of people with alcoholism or other addiction problem but also as a prevention factor.

In the research, a Mixed Method was used and the execution was through a sequential exploratory design. For the initial diagnosis was used, semi-structured interview, sentence completion test, disease awareness questionnaire, attitude to the disease, interpersonal relationships, and conflict management, were the dimensions of the awareness indicator of the disease. Based on the results of the diagnosis, the Psychological Intervention Program was developed, based on the cognitive-behavioral model with a humanistic approach. with respect to the attitude towards the disease, the subjects predominated in ambivalence in 70.6% and non-consciousness in 23.5%, referring to interpersonal relationships, ambivalent in 58.8% and not healthy in 29.4% and conflict management was inconsistent in 70.6%, and inadequate in 23.5%, after the development of the program, positive attitude increased 52.9% and ambivalence decreased to 41.2%, healthy interpersonal relationships grew to 47.1% and adequate conflict management was imposed in 58.8% of the sample. The lack of awareness of the disease in patients was identified, the preliminary results of the application of the program proved to be very useful to develop awareness of the disease in the subjects studied, thus achieving a better therapeutic adherence.

Research on mindfulness-based interventions reports mainly on improvements at the group level. Thus, there is a need to elaborate on the individual differences in their effectiveness. The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to examine which personality factors could influence burnout reduction associated with different types of mindfulness practice and (2) to evaluate the interaction between personality factors and the amount of home practice; both aims were controlled for sociodemographic characteristics. A total of 104 Cuban mental health professionals, who participated in a crossover trial, were included. The effect of personality (Cattell’s 16 Personality Factors) was analyzed through regression analysis. First, the results revealed that Emotional Stability and Vigilance could negatively moderate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions. Second, participants who scored low in Sensitivity or Vigilance could benefit more from the body-centered practices (i.e., body scan and Hatha yoga practices), but no significant results for the mind-centered practices (i.e., classical meditation) were found. Third, participants who scored high in Self-reliance could benefit more from informal practice. Other personality factors did not appear to moderate the effect of the interventions, though previous experience in related techniques must be considered. Recommendations and clinical implications are discussed. Trial registration number is NCT03296254 (clinicaltrials.gov).

RESUMENIntroducción: en el mundo de hoy las conductas adictivas constituyen un grave problema para la humanidad. En la República de Ecuador la atención a pacientes consumidores de sustancias psicoactivas se ha desarrollado tradicionalmente desde la instancia privada pero actualmente se reconoce que ello ha devenido en un problema de salud que debe ser atendido por las políticas públicas. Objetivo: identificar la percepción sobre los comportamientos adictivos en el Centro de Docencia e Investigación para el Desarrollo Humano y el Buen Vivir y sus comunidades aledañas, en Guayaquil. Métodos: el trabajo se realizó en el 2011, con un diseño etnográfico en el que se incluyeron análisis de documentos, observación participante, entrevistas en profundidad y entrevistas grupales focalizadas. Los informantes clave se seleccionaron mediante muestreo intencional. La información obtenida fue sometida a un análisis de contenido. Resultados: se revelaron percepciones limitadas al modelo clínico en las dimensiones de gestión comunitaria, docente-asistencial e investigativa. Conclusiones: tanto en el Centro como en sus comunidades aledañas, la percepción sobre comportamientos adictivos está constreñida al modelo clínico-asistencial, lo que constituye una barrera para el posicionamiento del modelo salubrista.Palabras clave: Conductas adictivas, modelo salubrista, modelo clínico, tratamiento ambulatorio, tratamiento residencial.Revista Cubana de Salud Pública. 2012; 38(1) [64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73] http://scielo.sld.cu 65 ABSTRACT Introduction: In today's world, the addictive behaviors are a serious problem for the humanity. The care of patients who consume psychoactive substances in the Republic of Ecuador has mainly been given on a private basis, but at present, it is recognized that addiction is a health problem to be managed by the public policies. Objective: to identify the perception of addictive behaviours in the Center of Education and Research for the Human Development and the Good Living and neighboring communities in Guayaquil. Methods: the study was conducted in 2011 and adopted an ethnographic design in which document analysis, observation of participants, in-depth interviews and focused group interviews were included. The key informants were selected from an intentional sampling. The gathered information underwent a content analysis. Results: The study revealed perceptions limited to the clinical model in the community management, the teaching-assistance and the research dimensions. Conclusions: Both the Center and the neighboring communities have perceptions on addictive behaviors that are limited to the clinical-assistance model, which is a kind of barrier to the positioning of the public health model.