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Negative alcohol-related expectations, emotional impulse intensity and positive emotional expressiveness were significant even though quite weak triggers for alcohol-dependent patients' different level of motivation to refuse alcohol consumption. An assumption could be made that by changing these triggers it is possible to change addictive behavior.

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Over-representation of novice drivers in motor-vehicle crashes encourages researchers to look for all possible psychological causes which might be targeted in prevention. The present study is aimed to explore the associations between difficulties in emotional regulation and attitudes towards risk-taking while driving in a group of pre-licensed drivers. The sample involved 475 driver’s licence candidates who completed the self-reported questionnaire with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and the Scale of Risk-Taking Attitudes to Driving. Structural equation modelling showed that difficulties in emotion regulation were statistically significant predictors of all measured risk-taking attitudes to driving (over speeding, drunk driving, showing off driving skills, violation of traffic rules, joyriding and positive attitude towards traffic flow) for both males and females. These findings add to the gap in the literature and confirm that emotion regulation difficulties might be the important target addressed in early intervention. Increased emotional competence of pre-licensed drivers might contribute to safer driving and improved road safety.

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The aim of this study is to identify personality profiles in the sample of traffic offenders and to find if there are differences in alcohol consumption according to different personality profiles. 683 traffic offenders (611 males, 72 females) participated in the study. The age ranged from 18 to 79 years. A self-administered questionnaire was composed by AUDIT test, Big Five Inventory, Barratt impulsiveness scale (motor-impulsiveness subscale), Aggression scale and Lie subscale. The results show that there are low -risk and high -risk personality profiles of traffic offenders (for both males and females). Those, who have higher expression of impulsiveness, aggression and neuroticism (high risk personality profile), consume alcohol in a hazardous and harmful way. These traffic offenders tend to make more serious road traffic rules violations like driving under the influence of alcohol. Therefore, it could be stated that serious road traffic rules violations might be evaluated as the outcomes of highrisk personality and other problematic behavior such as harmful alcohol consumption.

Novice drivers are considered as the riskiest group of drivers due to caused accidents and injuries related to inexperience and propensity to take risks on the road. Thus, prospective analysis of importance of driving learning history for the novice drivers' future involvement in traffic violations or road accidents is extremely encouraged. This study is aimed to evaluate the importance of learning to drive experience and driving test (theory and on-road) performance for the prediction of objective traffic rules violations and later accident involvement in Lithuanian novice drivers. 598 learner drivers who obtained their driving licence for the first time participated in the longitudinal study. Information concerning their learning to drive experience before taking driving test, theory test and on-road driving test performance was obtained in the first stage of the study. Later information on the number of recorded traffic offenses committed by participants and number of accidents during the first year of their independent driving was obtained from the police records. The results showed that worse driving theory test performance, but not on-road driving test performance was related to the fact of being fined for traffic rules violations. While age and experience of learning to drive were not important predictors of being a traffic offender. Gender and length of independent driving were also important predictors for later traffic violations. This research was funded by a grant from the Research Council of Lithuania (grant No. GER-005/2015).