The aim of the new advances in the treatment of nasal valve collapse is to maximize the benefit from the surgical intervention while minimizing disruption of the normal anatomy and physiology of the nose. Another trend in the new advances explores the nonsurgical options for the treatment of nasal valve collapse.
Conclusions
We have demonstrated that an automated insertion tool (a.k.a. robot) can be used to duplicate a complex surgical motion in inserting cochlear implant electrode arrays via the “advance-off-stylet” technique (AOS). As compared to human operators, the forces generated by the robot were slightly larger but the robot was more reliable (i.e. less force maxima).
Objectives
We present force data collected during cochlear implant electrode insertion by human operators and by an automated insertion tool (a.k.a. robot).
Methods
Using a three-dimensional, anatomically-correct, translucent model of the scala tympani chamber of the cochlea, cochlear implant electrodes were inserted either by one of three surgeons (26 insertions) or by the robotic insertion tool (8 insertions). Force was recorded using a load beam cell calibrated for expected forces of less than 0.1 Newtons. The insertions were also videotaped to allow correlation of force with depth of penetration into the cochlea and speed of insertion.
Results
Average insertion force by the surgeons was 0.004±0.001N and for the insertion tool 0.005±0.014N (p < 0.00001, Student’s t-test). While the average insertion force of the automated tool was larger than that of the surgeons, the surgeons did have intermittent peaks during the AOS component of the insertion (between 120° and 200°).
Conclusions-We have demonstrated that an automated insertion tool (a.k.a. robot) can be used to duplicate a complex surgical motion in inserting cochlear implant electrode arrays via the "advance-off-stylet" technique (AOS). As compared to human operators, the forces generated by the robot were slightly larger but the robot was more reliable (i.e. less force maxima). Objectives-We present force data collected during cochlear implant electrode insertion by human operators and by an automated insertion tool (a.k.a. robot). Methods-Using a three-dimensional, anatomically-correct, translucent model of the scala tympani chamber of the cochlea, cochlear implant electrodes were inserted either by one of three surgeons (26 insertions) or by the robotic insertion tool (8 insertions). Force was recorded using a load beam cell calibrated for expected forces of less than 0.1 Newtons. The insertions were also videotaped to allow correlation of force with depth of penetration into the cochlea and speed of insertion. Results-Average insertion force by the surgeons was 0.004±0.001N and for the insertion tool 0.005±0.014N (p < 0.00001, Student's t-test). While the average insertion force of the automated tool was larger than that of the surgeons, the surgeons did have intermittent peaks during the AOS component of the insertion (between 120° and 200°).
Aspergillus infections in an immunocompetent host seldom occur, and primary laryngeal aspergillus infections are encountered even less frequently. We report a case of a primary noninvasive aspergillus infection of a vocal fold cyst in an immunocompetent host, with resemblance to aspergilloma.
Cholera toxin B subunit fluorescent conjugates, when administered intramuscularly, reliably label the distal portion of the facial nerve. In vivo labeling of a motor nerve may have significant potential for identifying a nerve in surgery. This work represents a preliminary investigation into the adaptation of in vivo fluorescence techniques as an aid to surgical dissection. Further research to refine this technique should be supported.
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