This paper presents the development of a detailed articulating three-dimensional finite-element model of the human knee, derived from MRI scan images. The model utilises precise material models and many contact interfaces in order to produce a realistic kinematic response. The behaviour of the model was examined within two fields of biomechanical simulations: general life and car-crash. These simulations were performed with the non-linear explicit dynamic code PAM-SAFE trade mark. The knee model produced results that compared favourably with existing literature. Such a model (together with other joint models that could be constructed using the same techniques) would be a valuable tool for examining new designs of prosthesis and mechanisms of injury.
The construction of a goniometric glove is described. Each of the sensors in the glove was calibrated over a custom built metal hand using blocks of known angles as angular references. The digital data output from each sensor of the glove were converted into angular displacements at each joint. The glove was validated for consistency of measurement and accuracy over a custom built metal jig and in the human hand. The accuracy of the glove was found to be within the limits of traditional goniometry. It is proposed that goniometric gloves could be useful in the assessment of hand function.
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