Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is a selenoprotein with biological properties that allow the detoxification of endogenous or exogenous reactive oxygen species as well as the elimination of xenobiotic compounds in the cells. Due to its isoform activities and pathophysiological functions, GPx holds the status of a redox system (GSH/ GSSG) in the glutathione (GSH) system to prevent oxidative damage of cellular constituents. As such, the GPx is the first line of defense against free radicals. Its deficiency causes oxidative stress that not only promotes the oxidation of proteins and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) but also leads to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and metabolic alterations, which expose to high risk for cardiometabolic disorders due to cardiovascular and degenerative diseases especially when associated with aging. This work presents a review of different studies done on the localization of GPx in subcellular organelles, activity changes during cellular aging, their effects on cardiometabolic risks, and associated diseases.
Oxidative stress, characterized by excessive production of reactive species, is involved in several chronic diseases such as cardiovascular, chronic obstructive pulmonary, sickle cell, chronic kidney, neurodegenerative, and cancer. The negative impact of ROS and RNS, produced by endogenous and exogenous processes, is neutralized by antioxidant defenses. Given the importance of oxidative stress to human health, the use of antioxidants as therapy directs medical research toward the specificity of antioxidants causing each disease. Fruits and vegetables contain antioxidants, such as nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and phytoceuticals, the consumption of which reduces the risk of developing chronic diseases. Flora of African countries is endowed with plant species that would make a putative source for new antioxidants. This article reports antioxidant activities of traditional foods from Democratic Republic of the Congo. Further studies are needed to ensure mechanisms of their functionality in the human body.
Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered a syndrome related to the metabolic syndrome with a high risk for developing diabetes mellitus. The evaluation of the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) seems to be an interesting tool to detect states of hyperglycemia that may be associated with this syndrome and to understand her pathophysiology. Aims: The purposes of this study are to determine the profile of HbA1c in Congolese women with PCOS, to determine the frequency of states of hyperglycemia and to assess the impact of this marker on clinical signs on this syndrome. Material and methods: This is a case-control study of 130 Congolese subfertile women; 65 with a diagnosis of PCOS and 65 others without PCOS. This is conducted from June 2016 to June 2019 among Congolese women of childbearing age.How to cite this paper:All these women were recruited at the subfertility outpatient clinic of the University Hospital of UNIKIN as well of the YANGA medical centers in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Sickle cell disease was excluded as also the cases of anemia. HbA1c was assayed via the immunoturbidimetric method and the results interpreted according to the ADA recommendations with a pathological cut-off point ≥ 6.5%. Results: Mean hemoglobin was 11.6 ± 1.2 g/dl (11.5 ± 1.1 g/dl vs. 11.8 ± 1.4 g/dl, P = 0.568). The proportion of diabetics was 1.6% (1.6% vs. 1.5%, P = 0.74). Higher HbA1c values were noted in the PCOS group compared to the control group (7.3% ± 2.1% vs. 5.6% ± 0.6%, P < 0.001). The multivariate analysis showed a strong correlation between elevated HbA1c levels and PCOS , P < 0.001). In the PCOS group, higher HbA1c values were significantly correlated with a higher socio-economic status ), P = 0.018) and with obesity (OR 3.48 IC (1.31 -7.13) P = 0.029). A perfect, positive and significant linear correlation was found between HbA1c and fasting blood glucose (r = 0.807). 60% of women in the PCOS group had pathological values of HbA1c (≥6.5%) compared to 7.7% in the control group (P < 0.001). Oligomenorrhea was found more significantly in patients with pathological HbA1c values (≥6.5%) compared to those with values < 6.5% (P = 0.003). Conclusion: This study found that in our population 60% of women with PCOS had states of hyperglycemia, demanding systematic screening of glucose metabolism disorders in women with this syndrome.
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