The annual incidence of MRSA in hand infections has declined overall but remains the most common pathogen. There has been an alternative increase in the number of polymicrobial infections. MRSA resistance to clindamycin and levofloxacin consistently increased during the study period. Empiric antibiotic therapy for hand infections should not only avoid penicillin and other beta-lactams but should also consider avoiding clindamycin and levofloxacin for empiric treatment.
Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the most common pathogen isolated from hand abscesses. The purpose of this study was to understand trends and changes in longitudinal antibiotic resistance profiles and risk factors for these infections to better guide empiric treatment of hand infections. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of culture-positive hand infections over a 10-year period at an urban academic institution from 2005 to 2014. A subset of MRSA hand infections from 2013 to 2014 was then subanalyzed for risk factors for antibiotic resistance for antibiotics with increasing antibiotic resistance during this period. Results: MRSA grew in 46% of hand infections, with a decreasing incidence over the 10-year study period. However, in the same time period clindamycin and levofloxacin resistance increased from 7% to 31% and 12% to 56%, respectively. Risk factors for clindamycin resistance included nosocomial infections and a history of intravenous drug use and hepatitis C. Risk factors for levofloxacin resistance included a history of diabetes and a fever upon initial presentation. Conclusions: The incidence of multidrug resistance remains high, with growing resistance to clindamycin and levofloxacin. There remains a trend for increased clindamycin resistance for patients with history of intravenous drug use and nosocomial infections. Our findings indicate that clindamycin and levofloxacin should be avoided for empiric treatment for hand infections in patients with these risk factors.
Pelvic ring fractures are common in the elderly population and are usually a result of low-energy trauma, such as falls from standing. In most cases, low-energy pelvic ring injuries can be treated with appropriate analgesia and early mobilization. Arterial injury resulting in hemodynamic instability from a low-energy pelvic ring injury is rare but, given the poor compliance of vessels in the elderly population, possible. These patients must be carefully monitored after the initial injury. The purpose of this report is to describe an elderly patient who sustained a superior pubic ramus fracture and arterial injury following a low-energy fall from standing that required angiographic intervention. Elderly patients who sustain low-energy or pelvic insufficiency fractures are unlike the younger population with high-energy pelvic fractures and hemodynamic collapse. Elderly patients can have a delayed presentation of arterial injury and require careful physical examination and close monitoring. Additionally, the authors provide a review of the literature for low-energy pelvic fractures. [Orthopedics. 2017; 40(3):e546-e548.].
Benzodiazepines are among the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide and are often used as anxiolytics, hypnotics, anticonvulsants, and muscle relaxants.The risk of dependence on and abuse of these medications has recently gained more attention in light of the current opioid epidemic.Benzodiazepines can increase the risk of prolonged opioid use and abuse.Given the prevalence of the use of benzodiazepines and related drugs, orthopaedic patients are often prescribed these medications.Orthopaedic surgeons need to be aware of the prevalence of benzodiazepine and related drug prescriptions in the general population, their current uses in orthopaedic surgery, and the risks and adverse effects of their use.
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