We give new polynomial lower bounds for a number of dynamic measure problems in computational geometry. These lower bounds hold in the the Word-RAM model, conditioned on the hardness of either the 3SUM problem or the Online Matrix-Vector Mutliplication problem [Henzinger et al., STOC 2015]. In particular we get lower bounds in the incremental and fully-dynamic settings for counting maximal or extremal points in R 3 , different variants of Klee's Measure Problem, problems related to finding the largest empty disk in a set of points, and querying the size of the i'th convex layer in a planar set of points. While many conditional lower bounds for dynamic data structures have been proven since the seminal work of Pătraşcu [STOC 2010], few of them relate to computational geometry problems. This is the first paper focusing on this topic. The problems we consider can all be solved in O(n log n) time in the static case and their dynamic versions have mostly been approached from the perspective of improving known upper bounds. One exception to this is Klee's measure problem in R 2 , for which Chan [CGTA 2010] gave an unconditional Ω( √ n) lower bound on the worst-case update time. By a similar approach, we show that this also holds for an important special case of Klee's measure problem in R 3 known as the Hypervolume Indicator problem.
Consider a variant of Tetris played on a board of width w and infinite height, where the pieces are axis-aligned rectangles of arbitrary integer dimensions, the pieces can only be moved before letting them drop, and a row does not disappear once it is full. Suppose we want to follow a greedy strategy: let each rectangle fall where it will end up the lowest given the current state of the board. To do so, we want a data structure which can always suggest a greedy move. In other words, we want a data structure which maintains a set of O(n) rectangles, supports queries which return where to drop the rectangle, and updates which insert a rectangle dropped at a certain position and return the height of the highest point in the updated set of rectangles. We show via a reduction to the Multiphase problem [Pătraşcu, 2010] that on a board of width w = Θ(n), if the OMv conjecture [Henzinger et al., 2015] is true, then both operations cannot be supported in time O(n 1/2− ) simultaneously. The reduction also implies polynomial bounds from the 3-SUM conjecture and the APSP conjecture. On the other hand, we show that there is a data structure supporting both operations in O(n 1/2 log 3/2 n) time on boards of width n O(1) , matching the lower bound up to a n o(1) factor.
Bereg et al. (2012) introduced the Boxes Class Cover problem, which has its roots in classification and clustering applications: Given a set of n points in the plane, each colored red or blue, find the smallest cardinality set of axis-aligned boxes whose union covers the red points without covering any blue point. In this paper we give an alternative proof of APX-hardness for this problem, which also yields an explicit lower bound on its approximability. Our proof also directly applies when restricted to sets of points in general position and to the case where so-called half-strips are considered instead of boxes, which is a new result.We also introduce a symmetric variant of this problem, which we call Simultaneous Boxes Class Cover and can be stated as follows: Given a set S of n points in the plane, each colored red or blue, find the smallest cardinality set of axis-aligned boxes which together cover S such that all boxes cover only points of the same color and no box covering a red point intersects a box covering a blue point. We show that this problem is also APX-hard and give a polynomial-time constant-factor approximation algorithm.
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