Although intubation-related injuries may occur in anyone, neonates are at increased risk due to their small airway lumen and cricoids cartilage morphology. Endoscopic and open reconstructive techniques increase treatment options to treat glottic and SGS.

NTM infections require high levels of suspicion for timely diagnosis, and complete excisional biopsy results in least likelihood of persistent/recurrent disease.

Improvements in sleep experienced by children after adenotonsillectomy for sleep-disordered breathing were not as great 2.5 years after surgery as they were 6 months after surgery but were still significant compared with baseline levels. Improvements in behavior were maintained in all categories of the Conners scores except for the ADHD index.

signed to receive tonsillectomy with 1 of 3 surgical modalities. Histopathologic evaluation of all excised tonsils was performed. Patients, parents, and pathologist were blinded to surgical modality. RESULTS: Histopathologic evaluation revealed significantly less thermal injury with QMR than with EC. CD tonsillectomy yielded less thermal injury, but was statistically associated with deeper muscular, blood vessel, and nerve fiber damage. Statistically significant differences in pain scores were revealed between the QMR and EC (pϽ 0.001) and between the QMR and the CD (pϽ0.002), with the QMR having lower pain scores. The EC and CD methods did not differ significantly from each other. The QMR method showed a quicker return to normal diet with weight gain during the postoperative period. One child in the EC and 2 in the CD groups experienced delayed bleeding requiring readmission. CONCLUSIONS: Quantum molecular resonance for pediatric tonsillectomy resulted in significantly reduced histopathologic thermal injury and lower pain scores than conventional methods.