Foodborne infections, mainly those attributable to Campylobacter, are one of the most common causes of intestinal diseases, of bacterial origin in humans. Although the vehicle of transmission is not always identified, the most common vehicles are poultry, poultry products, and contaminated water. In Southern Benin, an excessive use of poultry manure as fertilizer in vegetable farms was noted. This survey aimed to determine the prevalence and concentration of Campylobacter spp., especially Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, in selected environmental samples (poultry manure, and irrigation water) and freshly harvested leafy vegetables in two (Houeyiho and Sèmè-Kpodji) vegetable farms in southern Benin. To achieve this objective, we analyzed 280 samples, including 224 samples of leafy vegetables (Solanum macrocarpon and Lactuca sativa capita), 28 samples of irrigation water, and 28 samples of poultry manure. The analysis of the samples taken was carried out according to the modified NF EN ISO 10272-1 standard. Of the 280 samples analyzed in this survey, 63 were positive for Campylobacter contamination. For leafy vegetable samples analyzed in this survey, the contamination rate was of 15.63%. 60.71% of poultry manure samples analyzed were contaminated with Campylobacter spp. and 39.29% of irrigation water samples were contaminated. The statistical analysis of these results showed that there is a correlation between the contamination of leafy vegetables, poultry manure, and irrigations (p<0.01). Campylobacter jejuni (53.97%) was more involved in contaminations than Campylobacter coli (36.57%). This study has shown that there is a real risk of food poisoning by Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli among consumers of leafy vegetables in southern Benin. The origin of contamination of these leafy vegetables is poultry manure used as fertilizer in vegetable gardens and irrigation water used.
RESUME L'anémie constitue un grand problème de santé publique associée à un risque accru de morbidité et de mortalité, surtout pour les femmes enceintes et les jeunes enfants. L'objectif de cette étude est de cerner la prévalence de l'anémie chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans malnutris hospitalisés dans le service de pédiatrie du Centre Hospitalier Départemental/Zou-Collines. Il s'agit d'une étude prospective, descriptive et analytique sur une période de six (6) mois porté sur 251 enfants malnutris hospitalisés et leurs mères. Il ressort de notre étude que 41,43% des enfants sont anémiés et que la prévalence de l'anémie est beaucoup plus remarquable chez les enfants de moins 24 mois. Par ailleurs, 55,8% des enfants souffrent d'une anémie sévère. La principale cause de l'anémie reste la carence en fer (78,80%). La mauvaise pratique de sevrage, l'insuffisance de consommation des aliments riches en fer biodisponible et des fruits seraient les facteurs mis en cause dans l'avènement de l'anémie nutritionnelle au sein de la population étudiée. Il urge de mener des stratégies de lutte préventive en matière de soins de santé primaire, d'intensification des campagnes d'information, d'éducation et de sensibilisation des populations par rapport aux pratiques d'allaitement maternel exclusif, à la diversification alimentaire et de conseil aux mères sur les avantages des surveillances pédiatriques.
Objectives: The present work aims at studying malnutrition and anemia in children under 5 years of age received in consultation and / or hospitalized at the pediatric ward of Abomey-Calavi / So-Ava Zone Hospital in the Department of the Atlantic in southern Benin. Methods and Results : The study is carried out on 301 children received in consultation and / or hospitalized and their mothers are subjected to a questionnaire elaborated for this purpose. Anthropometric indices were calculated using the WHO Anthro® software. Biological data were collected from the children's files. 25.25% of the children were emaciated, 24.25% were stunted and 31.89% were underweight. In addition, 56.48% of children suffered from anemia. Of these, 30% had severe anemia, 13.53% had moderate anemia, and 56.47% had mild anemia. 58.83% of children have normochromic anemia and 72.94% have microcytic anemia. The main cause of the identified anemia is iron deficiency due to an insufficient dietary intake of iron and / or a loss of iron by the body caused by parasitic infections (malaria, intestinal worms) and bacterial infections. Conclusion and Applications of the results : It emerges from this study that malnutrition (in its various forms) and nutritional anemia remain a public health problem among the child population of the Commune of Abomey-Calavi. It is then necessary to reinforce the sensitization sessions and a nutritional education of the population on the good habits of food and hygienic. A policy favoring iron supplementation, and malaria control and deworming reduction systematic reduction of children would reduce the incidence of anemia
Please cite this article as: Alphonse S et al., Evaluation of the toxicity of Annona muricata leaf extracts on liver and kidney function and investigation of acute and subacute toxicity in Wistar rats. American
The effect of the ethanolic extract Khaya senegalensis on some biochemical parameters was tested in rabbits with normal glucose and glucose overload. Phytochemical screening after three batches of 6 rabbits race (TBD) were treated with the extract in oral doses of respectively 10, 25 and 50 mg/kg body weight for 30 days; three other groups receiving respectively these doses of the extract were placed under a priori temporary overload of glucose; a control group received instead distilled water treatment. Blood glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol were measured by spectrophotometry and weight gain of the animals was performed at the beginning of the experiment and every 2 weeks during the study period. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of polyphenolic compounds (majority) of saponins of anthracene derivatives and steroids in the extract. The test results indicate that under the dose of 50 mg/kg body weight (BW) there was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in blood glucose after 24 hours. The extract had no effect on the lipid profile or body weight of rabbits.
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