Our data demonstrated the fine-tuning roles of Slc11a1 alleles modulating macrophage activation, and consequent PIA susceptibility, in those mouse lines.

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that may lead to destruction of alveolar bone and tooth loss (Kornman, 2008). Until recently, periodontal diseases were categorized into (a) chronic periodontitis (CP), which affects 1 out of 2 Americans (Eke et al., 2012) and is characterized by slow progression, and (b) aggressive periodontitis (AgP), which is less common and is characterized by rapid progression (Fine, Patil, & Loos, 2018). Although both types share many similarities in their pathogenesis, AgP was initially designated as a separate entity because of its early age of onset, familial aggregation, rapid progression of bone loss and presence of dental calculus and biofilm inconsistent with disease severity. Localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP), currently classified as Grade C periodontitis of molar-incisor pattern, (Papapanou et al., 2018) is a form of AgP that results in severe bone destruction and tooth loss of first molars and incisors (Armitage, 1999; Shaddox

Mouse lines selected for maximal (AIRmax) or minimal acute inflammatory reaction (AIRmin) were used to characterize the immune response and the influence of genetic background during pristane-induced arthritis (PIA). Susceptible AIRmax mice demonstrated exacerbated cellular profiles during PIA, with intense infiltration of lymphocytes, as well as monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils, producing higher levels of IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-10, total IgG3, and chemokines. Resistant AIRmin mice controlled cell activation more efficiently than the AIRmax during arthritis progression. The weight alterations of the spleen and thymus in the course of PIA were observed. Our data suggest that selected AIRmax cellular and genetic immune mechanisms contribute to cartilage damage and arthritis severity, evidencing many targets for therapeutic actions.

These results indicate that the selective process for acute inflammation affected the development of chronic inflammatory responses to Biogel, suggesting common genetic control.

Pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) in mice is an experimental model that resembles human rheumatoid arthritis, a chronic autoimmune disease that affects joints and is characterized by synovial inflammation and articular cartilage and bone destruction. AIRmax and AIRmin mouse lines differ in their susceptibility to PIA, and linkage analysis in this model mapped arthritis severity QTLs in chromosomes 5 and 8. miRNAs are a class of small RNA molecules that have been extensively studied in the development of arthritis. We analyzed miRNA and gene expression profiles in peritoneal cells of AIRmax and AIRmin lines, in order to evaluate the genetic architecture in this model. Susceptible AIRmax mice showed higher gene (2025 vs 1043) and miRNA (240 vs 59) modulation than resistant AIRmin mice at the onset of disease symptoms. miR-132-3p/212-3p, miR-106-5p, miR-27b-3p, and miR-25-3p were among the miRNAs with the highest expression in susceptible animals, showing a negative correlation with the expression of predicted target genes (Il10, Cd69, and Sp1r1). Our study showed that global gene and miRNA expression profiles in peritoneal cells of susceptible AIRmax and resistant AIRmin lines during pristane-induced arthritis are distinct, evidencing interesting targets for further validation.

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