BORNER, F., GRUHNE, M. and SCHON, J. 1993. Contamination indications derived from electrical properties in the low frequency range. Geophysical Prospecting 41,83-98.Electrical measurements are an important and integrated component of geophysical investigations connected with environmental problems. As a result of an analysis of the electrical conductivity, basic experiments on sandstones at frequencies below 10 kHz show that the complex behaviour of conductivity is caused exclusively by a complex interface conductivity. Its value is determined mainly by the internal rock interface to porosity ratio, the composition of the pore fluid and connected matrix-water interactions resulting in a specific microstructure of the interface. Therefore, it can be expected that the interface region of a soil or rock material is very sensitive to changes in composition caused by contamination. Contaminated sandstone and clay samples were investigated using a low-frequency measurement system. The investigations are directed at the influence of different contaminants and their concentration. Results show that the complex electrical conductivity (real and imaginary parts) is influenced by properties of the pore-filling contaminant. This influence results in a change of the level of both parts and the shape of their frequency dependence. The imaginary part in particular seems to provide important secondary information ; in some cases this part alone allows a differentiation of the various contaminants. The different behaviour of various rock types shows that the effects observed are the result of interactions between pore fluid properties and the internal pore surface structure.

No abstract

69) 7 97 942 5 97-99 VCH Ver arJrgere.ischaft mbH. D-69469 Weinheim. 1997 0009-286X/970102 0097 $10 0 0 1 2 9 0 r [moll-' min-'1 Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit -R W mol-l K-l] allgemeine Gaskonstante t Reaktionszeit T IK1 Reaktionstemperatur Grenzflachenspannungen, TropfengroBen und Kontaktwinkel _ -9 ["Cl Reaktionstemperatur im -Zweiphasensvstem H,O/CO, bei VR PI Reaktionsvolumen P [kg 1-Y Dichte I n d i c e s A, B, C, D auf Reaktanden bezogen 0 Anfangszustand (t = 0) i Laufindex (i 2 0) j Stoffmenge j A b k u r z u n g e n A Carboxylgruppen B Acetoxyguppen C gebildete Estergruppen D gebildete Essigsaure Re Reynolds -Zahl Literatur [I] JACKSON, W.J.; KUHFUSS, H.F. J. Polym. Sci., Part A Polym. Chem. 24 (1976) S. 2043. JANCKE. H.; BOHME, F.; GRASSHOFF, K.; RATZSCH, M.; RAFLER. G. Makromol. Chem. 190 (1989) S. 3173. [3] BOHME, F.; KOMBER, H.; LEISTNER, D.; R A T Z S C H , M. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 295 (1994) S. 3233. Kinetikvon Gas-Fliissigkeits-Reaktionen in Ver-fahrenstechniMReaktionstechnik, Lehrbuch VEB Deutscher Verlag fur Grundstoffindustrie, Leipzig 1974. Gas-Fliissigphasen-Reaktoren, in Verfahrenstechnische Berechnungsmethoden, Teil5, Chemische Reaktionen, VCH Verlagsgesellschaft Weinheim, Basel, Cambridge, New York 1987. SCHOENEMANN, E.; HEIN, 1.; OPALKA, M . Chem.-1ng.-Tech. 68 (1996) S. 958/961. Polymerisationstechnik, in DECHEMA-Kursus Handbuch 1990.[2][4] BERWALD. 5 .[5] BERWALD, S. 161[7] REICHERT, K.-H.; BRADEL. R .

No abstract

No abstract