Background Ileus is common after elective colorectal surgery, and is associated with increased adverse events and prolonged hospital stay. The aim was to assess the role of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for reducing ileus after surgery. Methods A prospective multicentre cohort study was delivered by an international, student‐ and trainee‐led collaborative group. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The primary outcome was time to gastrointestinal recovery, measured using a composite measure of bowel function and tolerance to oral intake. The impact of NSAIDs was explored using Cox regression analyses, including the results of a centre‐specific survey of compliance to enhanced recovery principles. Secondary safety outcomes included anastomotic leak rate and acute kidney injury. Results A total of 4164 patients were included, with a median age of 68 (i.q.r. 57–75) years (54·9 per cent men). Some 1153 (27·7 per cent) received NSAIDs on postoperative days 1–3, of whom 1061 (92·0 per cent) received non‐selective cyclo‐oxygenase inhibitors. After adjustment for baseline differences, the mean time to gastrointestinal recovery did not differ significantly between patients who received NSAIDs and those who did not (4·6 versus 4·8 days; hazard ratio 1·04, 95 per cent c.i. 0·96 to 1·12; P = 0·360). There were no significant differences in anastomotic leak rate (5·4 versus 4·6 per cent; P = 0·349) or acute kidney injury (14·3 versus 13·8 per cent; P = 0·666) between the groups. Significantly fewer patients receiving NSAIDs required strong opioid analgesia (35·3 versus 56·7 per cent; P < 0·001). Conclusion NSAIDs did not reduce the time for gastrointestinal recovery after colorectal surgery, but they were safe and associated with reduced postoperative opioid requirement.

BackgroundThe aim of this study is to identify the incidence trends of primary and secondary peritoneal surface malignancies in a representative Czech population.MethodsData were obtained from patients registered in the Czech National Cancer Registry between 1979 and 2016. The incidence rates were analyzed between 2012 and 2016. To observe the incidence trends, we analyzed the data from two time periods, 1979–2005 and 2006–2016. The analyzed data included age, sex, and the histological types and primary origins of the malignancies. The Cochrane-Armitage test for linear trends was used for verification of the null hypothesis. The significance level established for hypothesis testing was p = 0.05.ResultsBetween 2012 and 2016, 230 patients with primary peritoneal tumors were identified and divided into the following groups according to their “International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision” codes: malignant neoplasm of specified parts of the peritoneum (C48.1); malignant neoplasm of the peritoneum, unspecified (C48.2); and malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of the retroperitoneum and peritoneum (C48.8). Moreover, 549 primary tumors of the appendix (C18.1, encompassing all appendiceal malignancies) and 3137 secondary synchronous peritoneal carcinomatoses of other primary origins were documented. The age-adjusted incidence of primary peritoneal tumors in 2012–2016 was 4.36/year/1,000,000 inhabitants. The age-adjusted incidence of synchronous secondary peritoneal malignancies in 2014–2016 was 99.0/year/1,000,000 inhabitants. The diagnoses of primary peritoneal malignancies followed a stable trend between 1979 and 2016. However, the incidences of primary tumors of the appendix increased by 76.7%.ConclusionsThe data produced in our study ought to clarify the status of peritoneal surface malignancies in the Czech Republic, which can lead to improved planning and development of therapeutic interventions as well as physician training.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the costs of CRS and HIPEC and treatment of the related postoperative complications in the public healthcare system. We also aimed to identify the risk factors that increase the cost of CRS and HIPEC. Materials and methods: We retrospectively evaluated 80 patients who underwent CRS and HIPEC between February 2016

Background Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of major gastrointestinal surgery with an impact on short- and long-term survival. No validated system for risk stratification exists for this patient group. This study aimed to validate externally a prognostic model for AKI after major gastrointestinal surgery in two multicentre cohort studies. Methods The Outcomes After Kidney injury in Surgery (OAKS) prognostic model was developed to predict risk of AKI in the 7 days after surgery using six routine datapoints (age, sex, ASA grade, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, planned open surgery and preoperative use of either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker). Validation was performed within two independent cohorts: a prospective multicentre, international study (‘IMAGINE’) of patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery (2018); and a retrospective regional cohort study (‘Tayside’) in major abdominal surgery (2011–2015). Multivariable logistic regression was used to predict risk of AKI, with multiple imputation used to account for data missing at random. Prognostic accuracy was assessed for patients at high risk (greater than 20 per cent) of postoperative AKI. Results In the validation cohorts, 12.9 per cent of patients (661 of 5106) in IMAGINE and 14.7 per cent (106 of 719 patients) in Tayside developed 7-day postoperative AKI. Using the OAKS model, 558 patients (9.6 per cent) were classified as high risk. Less than 10 per cent of patients classified as low-risk developed AKI in either cohort (negative predictive value greater than 0.9). Upon external validation, the OAKS model retained an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve of range 0.655–0.681 (Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.596 to 0.714; IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.659 to 0.703), sensitivity values range 0.323–0.352 (IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.281 to 0.368; Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.253 to 0.461), and specificity range 0.881–0.890 (Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.853 to 0.905; IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.881 to 0.899). Conclusion The OAKS prognostic model can identify patients who are not at high risk of postoperative AKI after gastrointestinal surgery with high specificity. Presented to Association of Surgeons in Training (ASiT) International Conference 2018 (Edinburgh, UK), European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) International Conference 2018 (Nice, France), SARS (Society of Academic and Research Surgery) 2020 (Virtual, UK).

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Epiteliální ovariální karcinomy představují jednu z nejčastějších příčin úmrtí na nádorová onemocnění u žen. Více než polovina bývá dia gnostikována v pokročilém stadiu. Důvodem bývá zpravidla lokoregionální šíření s tvorbou peritoneální karcinomatózy. V léčbě se uplatňuje zejména systémová chemoterapie v kombinaci s chirurgickým cytoredukčním výkonem. Nicméně peritoneum je velmi špatně dostupné konvenční chemoterapií kvůli plazmaperitoneální bariéře. Proto intraperitoneální podání chemoterapie může zlepšit výsledky přežívání eliminací reziduální mikroskopické peritoneální chemoterapie. Kombinace intravenózního a intraperitoneálního podání může snížit plazmatickou toxicitu a zvýšit efektivitu cytostatika během hypertermie. Celá řada odborníků tedy celosvětově zkoumá efekt cytoredukční chirurgie a hypertermické intraperitoneální chemoterapie pro primární i recidivující ovariální karcinomy. Tato metoda se na základě výsledků posledních randomizovaných studií ukazuje jako slibná metoda, která je schopná pozitivně ovlivnit celkové přežívání nemocných a prodloužit také období bez choroby. I když zatím není tato metoda součástí standardních guidelines a je předmětem řady dalších klinických studií, měla by být indikace zvažována u žen v případě významného nádorového rezidua po neoadjuvantní chemoterapii, neboť právě tato skupina žen může při únosném riziku morbidity a mortality profitovat z komplexního onko-gynekologicko-chirurgického resekčního výkonu doplněného o hypertermickou intraperitoneální chemoterapii jako prevenci lokoregionálních recidiv. Klíčová slova karcinom vaječníků-cytoredukční chirurgie-hypertermická intraperitoneální chemoterapie Podpořeno MZ ČR-RVO (FNOl, 00098892) a grantem MZ ČR NV18-03-00130. Supported by MH CR-DRO (FNOl, 00098892) and grant MH CR NV18-03-00130. Autoři deklarují, že v souvislosti s předmětem studie nemají žádné komerční zájmy.