BackgroundThe physical and mental health of college students tends to continuously decline around the world, therefore, it is important to improve their health during college period. Baduanjin, a traditional Chinese exercise which combines movements with breath and mind, may be one of the selectable effective exercises. However, the effect of Baduanjin exercise on college students has not been established. In this study, we systematically assessed the effectiveness and safety of Baduanjin exercise on physical and mental health of college students by a rigorous randomized, parallel-controlled design.MethodsA total of 222 college students from Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were recruited and randomly allocated at an equal ratio into control or Baduanjin training. Participants in control group were informed to maintain their original activity habit, and those in Baduanjin exercise group received a 12-week Baduanjin exercise training with a frequency of 1 hour per day and 5 days per week on the basis of their original activity habit. The physical and psychological outcomes, including lumbar muscle strength, lower limb proprioception function, physical fitness, as well as self-reported symptom intensity, stress, self-esteem, mood, quality of life, quality of sleep, and adverse events, were evaluated at baseline, 13 weeks (at the end of 12-week intervention), and 25 weeks (after the 12-week follow-up period). Intention-to-treat analysis was performed for the above outcomes.ResultsCompared with controls, significant improvements in Baduanjin exercise group at the end of 12-week intervention period were found on lower limb proprioception function (the rate of average trace error on right lower limb (%): control 23.50±5.50, Baduanjin 21.92±6.54, P=0.004; the rate of average trace error on left lower limb (%): control 22.32±6.62, Baduanjin 20.63±4.62, P=0.046), cardiorespiratory endurance (step test index: control 47.66±5.94, Baduanjin 50.07±9.30, P=0.025), flexibility (control 14.35±7.26cm, Baduanjin 15.39±6.43cm, P=0.009) and explosive force of lower limb (standing long jump test (m): control 1.77±0.24, Baduanjin 1.79±0.22, P=0.005 for adjustment baseline) in physical outcomes, and attention (Schulte Grid test (second): control 210.4±51.15, Baduanjin 192.4±47.14, P=0.034) in mental outcome. Lumbar muscle strength in Baduanjin group had been moderately enhanced but no significant difference compared to controls. No significant changes in other physical and mental outcomes, including vital capacity, blood pressure, heart rate, hand grip force, self-symptom intensity, stress, self-efficacy, quality of life, and quality of sleep, were found between groups. No adverse event was reported during the study period.ConclusionRegular Baduanjin exercise had an advantage for college students on improvement of lower limb proprioception, enhance of cardiorespiratory endurance, flexibility, explosive force of lower limb and attention, compared with usual exercise.Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiC...

ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness and safety of Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) on physical and psychological health of college students.MethodsTwo hundred six college students were recruited and randomly allocated to a control group or a TCC exercise group in an equal ratio. Participants in the control group were instructed to maintain their original activity level and those in the TCC exercise group received 12 weeks of TCC exercise training based on their original activity level. Physical and psychological outcomes were evaluated at baseline, 13 weeks and 25 weeks. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed for the above outcomes.ResultsCompared with the control group, the TCC exercise group showed significant improvements at the end of the 12-week intervention period for flexibility (length of Sit and Reach (cm): TCC group 14.09±7.40 versus control 12.88±6.57, P = 0.039 adjusted for its baseline measures using a general linear model) and balance ability (open eyes perimeter: TCC group 235.6(191~314) versus control 261(216~300); closed eyes perimeter: TCC group 370.5 (284~454) versus control 367 (293~483); P = 0.0414, 0.008, respectively, adjusted for corresponding baseline measures using a general linear model). No significant changes in other physical and mental outcomes were found between the two groups. No adverse events were reported during the study period.ConclusionTCC exercise was beneficial in college students for improving flexibility and balance capability to some extent, compared with usual exercise.Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-TRC-13003328

Developing low‐cost and highly efficient earth‐abundant oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts via an energy‐ and time‐saving method is of great significance to the generation of H2 from electrochemical water splitting, which is highly desirable but still challenging. Herein, a one‐step route to in situ grow S‐doped FeOOH vertical nanosheets on iron foam (IF) in 20 min under room temperature is shown. This facile and ultrafast method effectively modifies the surface of the IF into an S‐doped FeOOH layer, and a full‐Fe electrode (S‐FeOOH/IF) is achieved. Systematic experiments and characterizations demonstrate that the redox reactivities for both of the iron and lattice oxygen in FeOOH are sufficiently activated, leading to the dramatically improved intrinsic OER activity. The as‐obtained S‐FeOOH/IF exhibits a fascinating OER performance with a low overpotential of 244 at 10 mA cm−2. This work affords an efficient surface engineering strategy to drive commercial IF into cost‐efficient and robust earth‐abundant electrocatalysts for water oxidation, which has important implications for clean H2 production through a low‐carbon and environmentally friendly route.

P2-type layered structure manganese-based materials have been reported as the most promising candidate for practical applications of sodium ion batteries because of their high capacity, facile fabrication, low cost, and environmental friendliness. In this work, a novel Cobalt-free layered P2-type Na 0.67 Ni 0.33 Mn 0.67 O 2 cathode material was designed using cation potential, and the cathode material was successfully synthesized by solid-state reaction method. We present an in-depth investigation of the effect of Mg doping on the electrochemical performance and structural stability of Na 0.67 Ni 0.33 Mn 0.67 O 2 by comparing series compositions Na 0.67 Ni 0.33−x Mg x Mn 0.67 O 2 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2). The Mgdoping sample Na 0.67 Ni 0.18 Mg 0.15 Mn 0.67 O 2 delivered an initial discharge capacity of 123 mAh•g −1 at 0.1 C in the potential range from 2.0 to 4.3 V. The capacity of the material remained at 92% after 100 cycles at a rate of 0.1 C. Mg ion as an electrochemical inert element can effectively reduce interlayer slip, inhibit phase transition, and stabilize the layered structure. KEYWORDS: Sodium ion batteries, Cathode materials, Na 0.67 Ni 0.33−x Mn 0.67 Mg x O 2 , Manganese substitution, Solid-state reaction method

BackgroundThe physical and mental health of college students tends to continuously decline around the world. Since they are in a significant transition period which presents opportunities and challenges in health promotion, it is important to improve their health in this period. As a traditional Chinese exercise form which combines movements with breath and mind, Baduanjin may be one of the selectable effective exercises. However, evidence of Baduanjin exercise for college students has not been completely established. The primary aim of this trial is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Baduanjin exercise for physical and mental health of college students through a rigorous randomization, parallel-controlled design.Method/designWe will conduct a randomized, single-blind, parallel-controlled trial. A total of 222 college students from Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine who meet the eligibility criteria will be recruited and randomly allocated into Baduanjin training or usual exercise control group. Baduanjin training will last 12 weeks (1 h per day, 5 days per week). The physical and psychological outcomes, including lumbar muscle strength, lumbar proprioception function, physical fitness, as well as self-reported symptom intensity, stress, self-esteem, mood, quality of life, quality of sleep, and adverse events, will be evaluated by blinded outcome assessors at baseline, 13 weeks (at the end of intervention), and 25 weeks (after the 12-week follow-up period).DiscussionThis protocol presents an objective design of a randomized, single-blind trial that aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Baduanjin exercise for physical and mental health of college students. If the outcome is positive, the results will provide higher-quality evidence to better inform the college students regarding their selection about whether to receive such exercise.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR-TRC-13003329Registration date: 18 July, 2013.