With
the rapid development of electric vehicles, power electronics,
and medical devices, high-energy-density capacitors have attracted
considerable research and engineering attention. In this investigation,
we added surface-coated BNT-NN ((Bi0.5Na0.5)TiO3–NaNbO3) nanoparticles into the poly(vinylidene
fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) matrix to fabricate BNT-NN/PVDF-HFP
nanocomposites. We found that the composite with ultralow contents
of BNT-NN (0.5 wt %) exhibited an ultrahigh energy density of 36.94
J cm–3 at 800 mV m–1, which is
17.5% higher than that of the pristine PVDF-HFP film. However, as
the content of BNT-NN nanoparticles increased to 1%, the energy density
decreased by 10.9% to 32.9 J cm–3 at 750 mV m–1. Compared with other PVDF-based nanocomposite films
reported previously, this work shows a much higher energy density.
This may be attributed to the largely increasing dielectric constant
at the interface between the nanoparticles and their surrounding substrate,
especially for the nanocomposite with a low volume content. The calculated
dielectric constant from the theoretical model considering interface
parameters fits well with the experimental data, indicating that the
composites possess K
max at ultralow nanoparticle
contents. Therefore, the ultralow nanoparticle-added nanocomposites
show great promise for ultrahigh-energy-density capacitor applications.
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