A new series of heteropolyacids [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]nH5−nAlW12O40 are used to catalyse the single step conversion of cellulose into levulinic acid (LA). The highest reported yield of LA directly from cellulose was achieved with 74.8% yield and 98.9% conversion in one pot.
Biomass-based hierarchically porous carbon is green and eco-friendly, which exhibits a wide potential for energy storage due to its large specific surface area and multiheteroatoms codoping. Herein, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) self-doped hierarchically porous carbon (N−P−S-HPC) has been prepared by a one-step method from a peanut meal for the first time. The as-prepared N−P−S-HPC possesses a typical hierarchically porous framework (micropores, mesopores, and macropores) with an extremely large specific surface area (2090 m 2 g −1 ) and N (11.2 atomic %), P (0.82 atomic %), and S (0.64 atomic %) doping. N−P−S-HPC as an electrode for supercapacitors displays an ultrahigh specific capacitance of 525 F g −1 (1 A g −1 ) with the contributions of electrical double layer capacitance (EDLC) and pseudocapacitance (PC). Remarkably, the capacitance retention of N−P−S-HPC reaches up to 68% (10 A g −1 ). The N−P−S-HPC//N−P−S-HPC symmetrical supercapacitor delivers a maximum energy density (24.9 Wh kg −1 at 400 W kg −1 ). After 6000 cycles at 300 mV s −1 , the capacitance loss is only 10%, indicating excellent cycling stability of the peanut meal converted N−P−S-HPC, which enables it to be a promising candidate for energy storage and renewable delivery devices.
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