Aim: To assess the clinical features/imaging characteristics of pneumonitis reported during nationwide nivolumab postmarketing surveillance in Japan. Patients & methods: Clinical and radiological data were collected from pneumonitis cases reported during/after nivolumab treatment for melanoma or non-small-cell lung cancer. The expert central review committee evaluated each case. Results: Among 144 cases analyzed, 91 (63.2%) had radiological patterns considered typical for drug-induced pneumonitis and 53 (36.8%) patients had previously unobserved patterns with one or more atypical features, including 23 cases (16.0%) with ground glass opacity confined to the area around the tumor (peritumoral infiltration). A higher proportion of patients with (vs without) peritumoral infiltration had an antitumor response to nivolumab. Conclusion: Images of nivolumab-induced pneumonitis showed previously unobserved radiological patterns.
• Identification of invasive components in DCIS before treatment is clinically important. • Diffusion-weighted MR imaging can help lesion assessment in breast cancer. • The minimum ADC value may suggest the presence of an invasive component in DCIS. • The ADC difference value also suggests the presence of an invasive component in DCIS. • Preoperative evaluation of diffusion-weighted MR imaging may help surgical planning for DCIS.
Objective:To investigate the precise longitudinal change in the periodontal ligament (PDL) space width and three-dimensional tooth movement with continuous-force magnitudes in living rats. Materials and Methods: Using nickel-titanium closed-coil springs for 28 days, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-g mesial force was applied to the maxillary left first molars. Micro-CT was taken in the same rat at 0, 1, 2, 3, 10, 14, and 28 days. The width of the PDL was measured in the pressure and tension sides from 0 to 3 days. Angular and linear measurements were used to evaluate molar position at day 0, 10, 14, and 28. The finite element model (FEM) was constructed to evaluate the initial stress distribution, molar displacement, and center of rotation of the molar. Results: The initial evaluation of PDL width showed no statistical differences among different force magnitudes. Tooth movement was registered 1 hour after force application and gradually increased with time. From day 10, greater tooth movement was observed when 10 g of force was applied. The FEM showed that the center of rotation in the molar is located in the center of five roots at the apical third of the molar roots. Conclusion: The rat's molar movement mainly consists of mesial tipping, extrusion of distal roots, intrusion of mesial root, palatal inclination, and mesial rotation. Although the initial tooth movement after the application of different force magnitudes until day 3 was not remarkably different, 10 g of force produced more tooth movement compared with heavier forces at day 28. (Angle Orthod. 2009;79:703-714.)
Based on clinical and radiological findings, Cottin defined combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) as pulmonary emphysema in the upper lungs and interstitial pneumonia in the lower lungs with various radiological patterns. Pathologic findings of CPFE probably corresponded with diffuse interstitial pneumonia with pulmonary emphysema, emphysema with fibrosis, and the combination of both. We described reported radiological findings of CPFE.
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