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Research on the correlation between personality traits and safety behaviors has been thoroughly explored in previous literature. However, most of these studies are based on explaining the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and safety behavior, with few explaining the relationship between proactive personality and safety behavior. This study relies on trait activation theory, social cognitive theory, and social exchange theory to understand the relationship between proactive personality and safety behavior (safety participation and safety compliance) by using safety self-efficacy and team member exchange as mediating variables and safety-specific transformational leadership as moderating variables. Method: Considering the issue of common method bias, a multi-source and multi-stage data collection research design was used to collect 287 valid questionnaires from construction workers in 10 construction projects and apply regression analysis for hypothesis testing. Conclusions: Research results indicated that proactive personality positively and significantly influenced construction workers’ safety behaviors, while safety self-efficacy and team member exchange partially mediated the relationship between proactive personality and safety behaviors. In addition, safety-specific transformational leadership enhanced the positive relationship between proactive personality and safety behavior. These findings enrich the research on the correlation between personality traits and safety behaviors of construction workers in a safety context.

A reversible roadway (contraflow) is one in which the direction of traffic flow in one or more lanes is reversed to the opposing direction for some period of time. Reversible roadways are most commonly used for accommodating directionally imbalanced traffic associated with daily commuter periods. Reversible lanes also have been widely used, in recent years, for evacuating major metropolitan regions threatened by hurricanes and other disasters. One important problem in the practice of evacuation traffic organization is the choice of road links for contraflow. Most research on the choice of contraflow links does not consider the influence of intersections, which leads to overestimation of evacuation capacity especially in congested urban road networks. We abstract an evacuation road network as a special network with directional node-weights by considering the capacity of intersection movements as directed weights of nodes. We define the critical edge for increasing the maximum flow value of such network as the one that can maximize the range of flow value increase by expanding its capacity. We obtain alternative links for contraflow by searching critical edges in such network. We presented a modified algorithm for finding such critical edges on the basis of the maximal capacity path algorithm for the classical maximum flow problem. We also provided a numerical example and tested the effects through traffic simulation. Our results show that the results considering the influence of intersections are more reasonable than those ignoring it and that taking the intersection effects into account enables us to reduce the total evacuation time.