dispersal oil using chemical dispersants, in situ burning, and so on. [4][5][6][7][8] The option for oil collection using filtration was considered as an attractive choice because of its simplicity for the proper disposal of free and dispersed oil in water body.In the last decade, textile materials have gained much attention as membranes or sorbents for oil-water separation due to their high flexibility, moderate absorption capability, low density, reasonable price, and excellent biocompatibility. Typically, two types of membranes, e.g., hydrophilic/oleophobic and hydrophobic/ oleophilic textiles, have been developed and studied for the collection of water or oil from oil-water mixture/emulsion. [4][5][6][7][8] For example, Zhang et al. [6] developed a switchable superoleophilic and superoleophobic material by grafting poly(2-vinylpridine) and oleophilic/hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (i.e., P2VP-b-PDMS) on nonwoven textile (cloth-like wipes). The P2VP segment showed an altered wettability and conformation via protonation and deprotonation, and this behavior was further improved by the flexible PDMS block on textile, endowing the material high capability for oil-water separation. Palama et al. demonstrated a switchable wettability of cotton substrate with a coating consisting of zinc oxide nanorods and diamond like carbon. [7] The changeable interfacial behavior (i.e., altered from superoleophilicity to superoleophobicity) was due to the complete wetting of hierarchical surface of cotton by water. In another study, Li et al. [8] prepared a durable robust flower like TiO 2 deposited cotton fabrics with superhydrophobic/oleophilic properties by hydrothermal method. The as prepared member exhibited high flexibility and stability for separating oil-water mixture with excellent separation efficiency. While significant efforts have been made in this field, there were still many issues to be considered and optimized for the materials during the practical cleanup of oil spills, such as chemical and energy cost of membrane, mechanical and thermal stability in air and water conditions, fouling and concentration polarization due to the selective oil adsorption, as well as recyclability and reusability of materials. [8][9][10] Development of sustainable and cost-effective materials by a facile method is highly desirable to satisfy the above requirements.Generally, three distinct interfaces, e.g., air-water-solid, airoil-solid, and water-oil-solid, are considered for describing wettability and interfacial phenomena of water and oil droplets on hydro-philic/phobic or oleo-philic/phobic surfaces, Textile materials have gained much attention as membranes for oil-water separation. However, traditional membranes are suffered by either energyintensive preparation method or the fouling during the practical application. Motivated by the biomimetic surface of fish, this paper reports the modification of cotton fabrics using a single-step hot alkali treatment, which creates roughened morphologies in micro-and nanoscale on fiber surfa...
Graphene foam with hierarchical structure was prepared. The developed material exhibited high porosity, hydrophobicity, excellent thermal stability, and can be for oil–water separation.
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