In this paper, we numerically study the secrecy performance of the free-space optical (FSO) system by considering different eavesdropping scenarios. More precisely, we considered three possible eavesdropping scenarios for Eve: 1) Eve is between Alice and Bob; 2) Eve and Bob are in the same receiving plane; 3) Eve is behind Bob. We adopt the Málaga (
M
)-distribution channel to model atmospheric turbulence due to the presence of link blockage while considering the non-zero boresight pointing error and path loss. To do so, we obtain a novel probability density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) under different eavesdropping scenarios, based on which we derived the secrecy outage probability (SOP) analytical expressions as well as their asymptotic expressions at a high SNR regime. We verified the results using Monte Carlo simulations, which showed that the parameters related to atmospheric turbulence and pointing errors, as well as the location of the eavesdropper, have different effects on different eavesdropping scenarios.
We investigate the performance of a dual-hop mixed free space optical (FSO) /radio frequency (RF) system with fixed-gain relaying under direct detection and heterodyne detection techniques. The FSO link is modeled by the Fisher–Snedecor
F
distribution, which matches well with the experimental data under weak-to-strong turbulence regimes. The RF link experiences
κ
−
μ
shadowed fading, which unifies popular RF fading models. The
κ
−
μ
shadowed distribution is approximated by an
α
−
μ
distribution. Capitalizing on this approximation, closed-form approximate expressions for the cumulative distribution function, the average bit error rate of different modulation schemes, and the ergodic capacity are derived in terms of the bivariate Fox’s H function. Moreover, asymptotic analysis is carried out at a high signal-to-noise ratio to further illustrate the obtained diversity order and the influence of system and channel parameters. Numerical results and Monte Carlo simulations are presented to validate the derived approximate expressions.
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