A hybrid microcavity based on the liquid-metal-filled silica microbubble is experimentally demonstrated, which supports both plasmonic and optical whispering gallery modes. The high quality (Q)-factor plasmonic mode of liquid metal is demonstrated via controlling the polarization of the probe laser as well as changing the liquids in the microbubble. Additionally, we reveal an unconventional Q-factor enhancement effect in the bottle microresonator. The liquid metal (mercury) could dissolve various metals and solids, meriting the optofluidic type of sensing. Combining the two kinds of high-Q resonances in the hybrid microcavity, we could probe the optical, mechanical, and thermal properties of solvents in liquid metal, providing a unique experimental platform for realizing multi-parameter optical sensing and making the detection and identification of metal and alloy possible.
The solid high quality (Q) factor whispering gallery mode microcavities are demonstrated as an excellent experimental platform for enhanced light-matter interactions, and are applied in the studies of nonlinear optics, quantum optics, and sensing. However, the interaction between the microcavity and liquid anisotropic molecule, which is unique for abundant vibrational and rotational degrees of freedom, is rarely studied. Here, the gap is bridged by filling an optofluidic microbubble resonator with carbon disulfide, and the related anisotropic molecular cavity optomechanics effects are investigated. Due to the enhanced coupling between the optical mode and the rotation/vibration of molecules, stimulated Rayleigh-Kerr/Raman-Kerr scattering effects are observed. Molecular cavity optomechanics provides a broadband gain for generating Stokes photons in high-Q optical modes, and eventually allows quasi-supercontinuum generation with a bandwidth of 436 nm under a low continuous laser pump power of about 10 mW. This work opens a new avenue for strong light-matter interactions by exploring rotational and vibrational molecular cavity optomechanics, which provides a promising platform for nonlinear optics, cavity-enhanced molecular reorientation dynamics, and novel optical sources.
Dissipative couplings between solid-cavity optomechanical oscillators provide an underlying mechanism for many physical phenomena, such as level attraction, non-Hermitian parity-time-symmetric, and topological energy transfer with exceptional points (EPs). Until now, cavity optomechanical mode couplings on different phases of material have not been demonstrated. Here, we report the experimental demonstration of optomechanical mode dissipative coupling, mediated by high-quality-factor photon whispering-gallery modes, between a solid surface wave mode (SWM) and a liquid radial breathing mode (RBM), both of which coexist in an optofluidic microbubble resonator consisting of silica layer and liquid metal core. The resonant frequencies of solid-SWM and liquid-RBM depend mainly on the physical parameters of the silica and liquid metal, respectively. These physical parameters are all related to the microcavity temperature, which can be electrically controlled by wiring the liquid metal to a circuit. The dissipative level attraction between the solid-SWM and liquid-RBM is achieved by changing the current applied to the liquid metal. Our results open new avenues toward exploring topological energy transfer between solid and liquid materials or ultrasensitive biological sensing around EPs.
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