While mélanges have been taken to be a signifi cant component of accretionary complexes, the use of this term has been mostly descriptive, given the lack of consensus concerning their genesis. However, many workers have interpreted asymmetric shear fabrics in mélanges as evidence of a tectonic origin (i.e., giving rise to tectonic mélanges), in contrast to olistostromes, which are considered to be purely sedimentary in origin due (at least in part) to the lack of such shear fabrics. It is still uncertain whether accretionary processes include those that involve the intense shearing of oceanic lithologies along with, for example, the incorporation and entrapment of exotic blocks by muddy matrices during sediment deposition and deformation in axial deep-sea trench settings. Here, we argue that the so-called "block-in-matrix" fabrics that characterize accretionary complexes are primarily sedimentary in origin and are distinct from shear fabrics represented by tectonic mélanges. We also propose that, following their accretion, subsequent recycling of such "oceanic" materials is a common feature within evolving accretionary prisms. Lastly, we draw attention to the observation that D1 pressure-solution cleavage planesnotably widespread in the lower Cretaceous Yuwan complex, Amami Oshima Island, in the Ryukyu arc, SW Japan-are absent from the minor asymmetric shear structures that often characterize tectonic mélanges. In contrast, we suggest that the Yuwan complex represents the effects of broadly symmetric fl attening. This scenario is supported by our observation that the number of sedimentary and deformation events differs signifi cantly compared to the single phase of shearing expected in tectonic mélanges. D minus 1 (D -1 ) pressure-solution and axial-planar cleavages are only observed in exotic blocks and exhibit older accretionary deformation events within a preexisting accretionary prism. Of the existing structural associations, Sd1 is the oldest, predating the D -1 sedimentary episode, and it represents an oceanic sedimentary phase associated with the formation of a distinct type of block-in-matrix fabric produced by the accumulation of debris fl ows at seamount margins. Sd2 represents a succeeding sedimentary episode characterized by trenchaxis debris fl ow, including oceanic inclusions derived from collapsed material from an older accretionary prism. The resulting Sd2 block-in-matrix fabric is one of the main lithologic components of the Amami Oshima Yuwan complex. Here, the Sd2 episode typically includes an igneous fabric, consisting of nonexotic intrusive and extrusive basalts within a terrigenous matrix, suggesting that the Yuwan prism may have also been associated with a trench-trench-ridge triple junction. D1 coaxial deformation is observed to overprint all of the episodes represented, although it has not destroyed or signifi cantly sheared their respective fabrics, especially in regard to the main Sd2 block-in-matrix structures, which are therefore considered to represent original sedimentary structures.
Microdevices designed for practical environmental pollution monitoring need to detect specific pollutants such as dioxins. Bisphenol A (BPA) has been widely used as a monomer for the synthesis of polycarbonate and epoxy resins. However, the recent discovery of its high potential ability to disrupt human endocrine systems has made the development of smart systems and microdevices for its detection and removal necessary. Molecule-responsive microsized hydrogels with β-cycrodextrin (β-CD) as ligands are prepared by photopolymerization using a fluorescence microscope. The molecule-responsive micro-hydrogels show ultra-quick shrinkage in response to target BPA. Furthermore, the flow rate of a microchannel is autonomously regulated by the molecule-responsive shrinking of their hydrogels as smart microvalves.
Front Cover: Molecule‐responsive microsized hydrogels with β‐cyclodextrin as ligands in molecular imprinting are strategically prepared by photopolymerization using a fluorescence microscope. The molecule‐responsive microsized hydrogels show ultra‐quick shrinkage in response to target bisphenol A. The flow rate of a microchannel is autonomously regulated by the molecule‐responsive shrinkage of the hydrogels used as smart microvalves, facilitating the simplification and miniaturization of micro‐total analysis systems (μ‐TAS). Further details can be found in the article by Y. Shiraki, K. Tsuruta, J. Morimoto, C. Ohba, A. Kawamura, R. Yoshida, R. Kawano, T. Uragami, and T. Miyata* on page 515.
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