Hypothyroidism is a condition with an underactive thyroid gland. Since thyroid hormones play a major role in metabolism, hypothyroidism is often associated with metabolic syndrome.Thus, the patient’s awareness regarding metabolic syndrome is crucial.Considering this background, we intended to develop a Pictogram-based Patient Information Leaflet (P-PIL) for hypothyroidism with metabolic syndrome to provide concise patient education. The developed leaflet was evaluated for its accuracy and reliability. This is a quasi-experimental study without a control group. The leaflet's FleschReading Ease (FRE) and Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) scores were 62.0 and 7.1 respectively. The Baker Able Leaflet Design (BALD) index of English, Kannada, and Malayalam versions of the P-PIL were 28, 27, and 27 respectively. The user testing of the P-PIL was assessed in 72 patients. The overall mean knowledge assessment scores showed a significant improvement from 52.92 ± 6.90 to 77.92 ± 9.31.The majority of the patients, specifically 84.72%, had an opinion that the design and layout of the P-PIL is good.The evaluation results strongly suggest that this P-PIL can be an effective educational tool for hypothyroidism patients with metabolic syndrome.
Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a serious condition characterized by a progressive decline in liver functions, which leads to impaired quality of life (QOL). A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 165 patients to identify the health-related QOL in CLD, for 6 months. The QOL of CLD patients was assessed using the World Health Organization quality of life-BREF questionnaire and the severity of the disease was assessed using Child-Pugh Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. The incidence of CLD was found to be high in males (89.09%). While assessing, the overall QOL was identified as 50.96 ± 15.77. The highest score was observed in the social relationships domain (58.33 ± 19.34) followed by environment (54.74 ± 16.74), psychological (46.70 ± 19.81), and physical health (44.08 ± 18.64). The socio-demographic factors associated with QOL include body mass index, education, alcohol consumption, smoking, and tobacco. In the Child-Pugh MELD Score, the QOL was higher in class A (Good hepatic function) with a MELD score of 6-9 (1.9% mortality), the mean score being 60 ± 21 in contrast with the other classes. From the study, it is evident that CLD has a significant impact on the QOL. Patient-centric collaborative care, including physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and other health care providers are essential to improve the QOL.
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