Sodium borohydride (NaBH 4 ) is attractive as a fuel for fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) and fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicles because of its high energy density. We proposed and constructed a high-density hydrogen generation system that generates a large amount of hydrogen by hydrolysis of powdery NaBH 4 . However, our ability to conduct long driving tests was restricted by the low hydrogen generation rate at the start of the proposed system, particularly under low temperature. To overcome this problem, we added a citric acid solution catalyst at the start, thereby increasing the rate of hydrogen generation by a factor of 25 compared with the case of using a conventional nickel catalyst. In addition, we confirmed that using such a rapid hydrogen generation system had little effect on the power generation characteristics of a 100-W fuel cell, and we succeeded in conducting our driving tests of a FCEV fueled by powdery NaBH 4 .
This work provides a comprehensive study of three different topologies founded on the well-known Cockcroft-Walton (CW) voltage multiplier for reduced power PV Applications. A comprehensive study and investigational outcomes of each converter are offered, and a detailed comparison among the three topologies is performed. The three topologies target AC module technology application, where every PV unit consumes its identifiable DC-DC converter. In AC PV module technology, PV generatedvoltage is fit for 30 V, and the available sum of power is less than 200 W. Converters for PV use are required to have great step-up ability and higher efficiency as a result of the reduced output voltage of PV. The three topologies have some common benefits like high step-up abilities and moderate efficiency. The three topologies are so-called Switched-Inductor with Voltage Multiplier (SIVM), high gain with voltage multiplier and Z -Source with voltage multiplier (ZSVM).The SIVM topology is portrayed in Fig. 3. The presented topology has high step-up ability as it has a switched-inductor branch and voltage multiplication stage. In this study, only one multiplication stage is used. As detected, it involves dual inductors, three capacitors, six diodes and only one switch. Contingent with the switch positions, the suggested topology has diverse approaches. Fig. 4 presents characteristic waveforms obtained during operation modes.Mode 1 arises as soon as switch SW is activated, as revealed in Fig. 3(b). As a result of turning on switch SW , diodes D1, D3 and D6 are also activated, whereas diodes D2, D5 and D7 switch
This paper proposes new three-level inverter having two three-phase output ports for EV and HEV. The proposed inverter can drive two PMSMs independently with three-level phase voltage. In addition, the proposed inverter can reduce the number of the switches in comparison with the conventional two three-level inverters. In this paper, the circuit configuration and operating principle are presented. In addition, the operation of the proposed inverter is demonstrated by the simulation results.
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