The aim of the present study was to identify potential therapeutic targets that serve crucial roles in the progression of cervical cancer. Clinical data, RNA sequencing (RNAseq)-counts and micro (mi)RNA data regarding cervical squamous cell carcinoma were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas, and analyses were performed using the University of California Santa Cruz database. RNAseq and miRNA data were stratified into 3 groups (according to the patients' age), and genes were re-annotated and preprocessed prior to Mfuzz time clustering analysis. Subsequently, enrichment analyses were performed in order to identify differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs) and a protein-protein interaction analysis network was constructed. miRNA-gene, miRNA-lncRNA, and long non-coding (lnc)RNA-mRNA pairs were collected and the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA competing endogenous (ce)RNA network was established. Further enrichment analyses were performed in order to identify crucial mRNAs in the ceRNA network. Finally, survival and drug association analyses were implemented. A total of 269 DEmRNAs [including alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (ADH7), vestigial-like family member 3 (VGLL3) and cytochrome P450, family 26, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 (CYP26B1)], 274 DElncRNAs (including LINC01133) and 16 DEmiRNAs (including miR-3065 and miR-330) were identified. There were 102 lncRNAs, 15 miRNAs, 15 mRNAs and 522 interaction pairs in the ceRNA network. In particular, ADH7 was regulated by miR-3065, and miR-3065 interacted with LINC01133 in the ceRNA network. Furthermore, ADH7 and CYP26B1 were enriched in the retinoic acid metabolic process and the retinol metabolism pathway. ADH7 and VGLL3 were significantly associated with the cervical cancer survival rate. ADH7, VGLL3, CYP26B1, miR-3065, miR-330, miR-499a and LINC01133 play pivotal roles in the progression of cervical cancer in different age groups.